Core Knowledge on Instrumentation and Control Systems in

Core Knowledge on Instrumentation and Control Systems in Nuclear Power Plants IAEA Nuclear Energy Series D-NP-T-3. 12 TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT 1

Objectives v The objectives of this document are to – present a basic overview of I&C systems, – a guide to IAEA and related literature on the subject, and – an explanation of the significant role I&C systems have in maintaining and improving safety, plant performance, and economic returns of nuclear power plants. v Numerous IAEA publications have been prepared to address these issues and this document intends to place those technical documents within the context of a global view of NPP I&C systems and their lifecycles. v Moreover, relevant documents related to the I&C area but published by organizations other than the IAEA are listed and referenced in this report to provide a comprehensive guidance for the reader. Technical Support Department 2

Contributors to drafting and review v v v Technical Support Department 3 v v v Eiler, J. Friedl, M. Glockler, O. Graf, A. Hoikkala, O. Jiang, H. China Johnson, G. Jung, I. Kim, H. B. Lillis, D. Lu, D. B. China Ma, X. China Märzendorfer, M. Murray, J. G. Rasmussen, B. Salaun, P. Sivokon, V. Wood, R. Paks NPP, Hungary Areva, Germany IAEA, Vienna Areva, Germany TVO, Finland China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. , Ltd. , IAEA, Vienna NRC, USA KOPEC, Korea Sizewell B NPP, United Kingdom China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt AG, Switzerland Lockhead Martin, USA Kurz Technical Services, Inc. , USA EDF, France Joint Stock Company “SNIIP”, Russia ORNL, USA

1. INTRODUCTION v v 1. 1. Motivation 1. 2. Objectives 1. 3. Intended audience 1. 4. Document structure, relation to other documents – 1. 4. 1. The IAEA document structure/hierarchy – 1. 4. 2. Organization of the document – 1. 4. 3. Other relevant information sources Technical Support Department 4

2. OVERVIEW OF I&C SYSTEMS v v v Technical Support Department 5 Significance of I&C systems Challenges posed by I&C technology Functional approach Physical (component, equipment and system) approach Life-cycle approach

Functional approach v 2. 3. 1. Functional view on I&C v 2. 3. 2. Specifics of NPP I&C stemming from nuclear safety considerations – 2. 3. 2. 1. Safety classification of I&C functions and systems v 2. 3. 3. I&C design – 2. 3. 3. 1. Main principles of NPP I&C design – 2. 3. 3. 2. Typical design approaches Technical Support Department 6

Physical (component and system) approach v 2. 4. 1 Process interfaces – Measurement sensors – Transmitters, signal processing electronics – Actuation v 2. 4. 2 Field communication – – Analog HART Digital fieldbus (wired) Digital (wireless) v 2. 4. 3. Cabling, penetrations, junction boxes, cable trays v 2. 4. 4. Process monitoring and control systems – Data acquisition systems – Control systems v 2. 4. 5. High level communication Technical Support Department 7

Physical (component and system) approach v 2. 4. 6. Human interaction elements – – – Hard-wired HSI Computer-based HSI Hybrid HSI Main features of computer-based HSIs Operator support systems and functions v Simulators Technical Support Department 8

Lifecycle approach v Project preparation phase v I&C design phase v Manufacturing phase, construction and integration activities v Qualification and tests in factory v I&C systems on site v Training v Operations and maintenance v I&C modifications v Decommissioning v Disassembling Technical Support Department 9

3. CURRENT CHALLENGES v Introduction of new technologies – – – Switching from analog to digital (hybrid systems) Evolution of the integration level New platforms (FPGAs, CPEs) Hybrid control room and human interaction issues Qualification of new technologies and components Lack of a common system functional representation language v Safety and security-driven issues – – Common cause failure Communications independence Cyber security Configuration management v Licensing-driven issues – Regulatory issues with I&C systems – Harmonization of the licensing process Technical Support Department 10

3. CURRENT CHALLENGES v Harmonization of standards v Economic-driven issues – – On-line monitoring (OLM) Power uprating Obsolescence Impact of I&C systems on plant operational performance v Knowledge capture, skill preservation v I&C support to license renewal / lifetime extension of NPPs v Transitioning to probabilistic-based evaluation Technical Support Department 11

The balance of the document v 4. I&C INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW PLANTS AND NEW COUNTRIES v 5. CONCLUSIONS v REFERENCES v GLOSSARY v BIBLIOGRAPHY v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v APPENDIX v CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW Technical Support Department 12

Thank you for your attention! Any questions? TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT 13