Conversing with Computers An introduction to chatbots Kamal Aboul-Hosn Cornell University
What is a Chatbot? A computer program Responds to human input Variety of goals To be as human as possible Pass the Turing Test
The Turing Test Conceived by Alan Turing Wanted to answer the question, “How do we know a computer can think? ” Recast the question as a “game”: If a person talking via a computer to another person and a computer program cannot distinguish between the two, the machine passes the test.
The First Chat Bot Designed by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1966 A simple “psychotherapist” Easy to implement - turn around user input Overwhelmingly used
A Chat with Eliza: Is it because of your plans that you say you have problems? Kamal: No, my plans have nothing to do with it. Eliza: Maybe your life have something to do with this. Kamal: Yes, my life does. Eliza: What makes you believe yes your life does? Kamal: What do you mean? Eliza: Is it because of the people you hang around with that you say what do I mean?
A Chat with Eliza: Is it because of problems at school that you are going through all this? Kamal: No. Eliza: Why not? Kamal: School is great. Eliza: Tell me about your school. Kamal: I go to Cornell. Eliza: Are you sure that you go to cornell? Kamal: Yes, I'm sure. Eliza: Is it because of any hobbies you have that you say yes you are sure?
More Recently. . . A. L. I. C. E. Created by Dr. Richard S. Wallace Goal was not the same as Eliza’s: An automated retrieval & response system Today, many implementations as an open source project Won the Loebner Prize in 2000 & 2001
ALICE can be: Smart Kamal: Parlez-vous francis? Alice: No I don't speak a word of French. Kamal: I have a joke for you. Kamal: How many dull people does it take to change a light bulb? Anna: I don't know. How many does it take? Kamal: 1 Anna: Only one? Kamal: Yes. Anna: Yeah. . . Kamal: It's a joke. Anna: Heh. . I didnt think it was very funny. .
ALICE can be: Confusing Kamal: Who is your favorite author? Alice: My favorite author is Thomas Pynchon. Kamal: What did he write? Alice: Searching history files. Stand by. Alice: While you are waiting, try an open source search engine to search for it? I get it. Tony Blair write.
ALICE can be: Amusing Kamal: Who are your friends? Anna: Um. . David, who's in my boyfriend, and Allison, who's in my dorm. . lots of people. . Anna: I have a boyfriend. . Kamal: What is his name? Anna: His name is Rich. Kamal: And David is in him? Anna: You sound like you know him pretty well.
Testing a Chatbot http: //www. alicebot. org/directory. html http: //www. manifestation. com/neurotoys/eliza. php 3
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