Contents Context Case 1 Case

Contents • Context • Case 1: • Case 2: Urban Poverty Mapping Community Mapping § Ga Mashie § Avenor • Case 3: Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey • Other pilot applications § District Metered Area § E-Governance • Lessons

Context Urban and Slum Growth Rates Proportions in Africa, 2001

Context Ghanaian main data Constitutional Democracy since 1992 Area Population Urban population Population Living Below Poverty Line % of urban population below poverty line GDP per capita 239, 000 km 2 23 million 6. 7 Million 5. 6 Million 33. 3 300 Capital City Accra Regions 10 Metropolitan Assemblies (pop > 250, 000) 5 Municipal Assemblies (pop 95, 000) 32 District Assemblies (pop < 75, 000) 101 Number of Local Government (Assemblies) 138 Source: Government data, 2000

Context Ghanaian urban poverty data Source: Making Cities Work; USAID, August 2002 and Pop. And Housing Census, GSS, 2000

Context ACCRA Pop: 2. 5 m (2007 Est. ) Size: 185 sq km Major Settlements: 74 Sub-Metro Districts: 11

Context Growth of Urbanisation in Accra

Context Ghanaian urban poverty data • Water: Most slum residents spend more time and 3 to 10 times more money to access water in their community • Toilet Facilities: Over 90% of slum residents do not meet the international standard for access to an improved sanitation facility • Waste Management: 60% of the solid waste are collected • No sewerage system for all city More than one million of urban dwellers without water supply Around three millions of urban dwellers without access to sanitation

Context Public Health concerns • Malaria: standing water for mosquito breeding – Ghana had an estimated 7. 2 million cases in 2006 • Diarrhea: areas that attract flies and spread disease • Typhoid Fever: unprotected fecal matter • Cholera: unprotected fecal matter – In Accra, there were 102 reported cases between Jan. 11 -17, 2009

AVENOR Pop: 9, 214 No. of houses: 447 Tenureship: Family/ clan Pop: 23, 900 No. of houses: 1, 252 Tenureship: Stool/ Family/Clan AYIDIKI NIMA Pop: 58, 940 No. of houses: 1, 738 Tenureship: Stool Pop: 88, 640 No. of houses: 2, 429 Tenureship: Stool/family Case 1 SABON ZONGO Case 2&3 GA MASHIE Pop: 46, 699 No. of houses: 1716 Tenureship: Family/ Clan/Stool/Private AGBOGBLOSHIE Pop: 9, 214 No. of houses: 1, 583 Tenureship: Stool/ Private ACCRA LEARNING SITE

Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Background • Centrally planned state from independence (1957) • Decentralisation and bottom-up approach to governance initiated in the 80’s and still in process: – Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462) – National Development Planning (Systems) , 1994 (Act 480) – Local Government Service Act, 2003 (Act 655) • Previous attempts at measuring and defining urban poverty done using the old top-down economic focused approach (income) • Shift and emphasis on a participatory bottom-up multi-sector measurement of poverty backed by technology

Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Process (December 2008 – May 2009) • Task force formation – Economic Development & Urban Planners – GIS Experts and – Statisticians • Task force defined and agreed on – measurement of poverty at community level – indicators to use • Planning and Statistics Offices of the AMA - Data collection, disaggregation and analysis • Urban Management and Land Information System (UMLIS) – Digitizing existing hardcopy maps and geo-referencing them • Production of thematic, composite and aggregate maps • Periodic updates of maps by the Task force

Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping City wide composite and aggregate poverty map Production of thematic poverty maps Linking of data to spatial units using GIS Participatory community level data collection across all themes of urban poverty Task force formation and decision on indicators and spatial level of measurement Informing decisionmaking at the municipal and local levels Disaggregating data into themes expressing the dimensions of urban poverty • • Housing Density Room occupancy Population Density Solid Waste Disposal Method/Facilities Liquid Waste Disposal Access to Toilets Income Levels Water Supply

Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Some Outcomes • Inclusive planning • Targeted pro-poor intervention • More responsive and coordinated interventions • Peer to Peer Learning – replication in STMA • Infusion of technology into local level planning

Case 2 Community Mapping in Ga Mashie Profile of Ga Mashie INDICATOR Jamestown Ussher Town Population 17, 784 28, 915 No. of Households 3, 312 5, 728 No. of Houses 1716 % using public dumps 79. 15% 88. 1% Access to Sewage 12. 88% 1. 82% Access to potable water 41. 52% 25. 0% Access to toilet facilities 55% 5% No of rooms 17, 139 5, 761 Room occupancy 5. 0 4. 9 Population growth rate 3. 4 Age Dependency Ration 1: 1. 55 Economic Dependency Ratio 1: 2. 2 Malaria 62. 1 66. 7 Diarrhea 14. 1 13. 2 Top 5 Typhoid Fever 8. 1 3. 8 reported 13. 2 OPD Intestinal Worms 14. 2 Cases Malnutrition 1. 5 3. 1 Unemployed 13 13

Case 2 Community Mapping in Ga Mashie GACEED/GAMADA/OACADA advocacy to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term Plan Community validation and Interface with AMA Application of GIS by CHF experts Further specialized studies. Example Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey. FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features Ø community facilities Ø physical layout Ø environmental conditions

Case 2 Community Mapping in Avenor Profile of Avenor Population No. of Households No. of Houses % using public dumps Access to Sewage Access to potable water Access to toilet facilities No of rooms Room occupancy Population growth rate Age Dependency Ration Economic Dependency Ratio Malaria Diarrhea Top 5 Typhoid Fever reported OPD Cases Intestinal Worms Malnutrition Unemployed 8, 725 1281 447 31. 03% 2. 29% 28. 03% 21% 1209 7. 0 3. 4 1: 1. 55 1: 2. 4 71. 1 5. 8 19. 2 2. 1 28

Case 2 Community Mapping in Avenor Advocacy by CHF/NIMCOSS/Avenor Residents to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term Plan Community validation and Interface with AMA Application of GIS by CHF Experts Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss Ø community facilities Ø physical layout Ø environmental conditions Further specialized studies into Housing, Sanitation etc.

Case 3 Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey Stakeholder engagement to mobilize funds for redevelopment Presentation and discussion of results Data processing, analysis Data collection, using maps and interview guides Zonal meetings for Landlords, Family Heads & HM Community Forum with Housing the Masses (HM) Residents petition to GAMADA for settlement upgrading and general improvement Active residents engagement Introduction of technology

Case 3 Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey • On going coding, entering and analyzing the data collected

Other pilot applications of technology to promote good urban governance; bottom-up approach. • District Metered Area • E-Governance

District Metered Area Existing Conditions • Unknown conditions of existing main pipelines • Unknown number of connections • Passive monitoring of water distribution system • 50% of water pumped is unaccounted for. • Illegal connections are common and not often detected. • Expansion of the city into the peripheries ahead of urban services extension

District Metered Area • Only a quarter of Accra residents have continuous supply

District Metered Area Extract of a GWCL Customer Directory identity 12050051 12050061 12050071 12050131 12050161 12050181 12050191 12050231 12050241 12050251 12050281 12050341 12050371 12050421 12050431 12050481 12050491 12050521 12050551 12050581 12050611 12050641 y_projection 5. 58437266 5. 58438934 5. 5836286 5. 58503165 5. 58508747 5. 5837177 5. 58516869 5. 58513491 5. 58515478 5. 585164 5. 58515771 5. 58513952 5. 58509653 5. 58417678 5. 58507993 5. 58518495 5. 58501262 5. 58512569 5. 58509753 5. 58506006 5. 58519334 5. 58516216 x_projection -0. 2159786 -0. 2166584 -0. 2160873 -0. 215618 -0. 2152844 -0. 2098713 -0. 2152132 -0. 2149402 -0. 2144549 -0. 2142344 -0. 2137432 -0. 2138648 -0. 2133972 -0. 2086481 -0. 2127498 -0. 2124286 -0. 2123234 -0. 211906 -0. 2116205 -0. 2115907 -0. 2113416 -0. 2110335 A/C NO 12050051 12050061 12050071 12050131 12050161 12050181 12050191 12050231 12050241 12050251 12050281 12050341 12050371 12050421 12050431 12050481 12050491 12050521 12050551 12050581 12050611 12050641 NAME CAPRICE HOTEL CAPRICE CASINO PROFESSIONAL AUTO CENTRE LTD ALLOTEY J K MENSAH CODJO YEKINNI LATIFY NANA ATTU DATSOMOR EMMANUEL K APPIAH JOE BOYE DOE ISSIAH ANNAN T. E. D. ANNAN N. D. ARYEE REGINA OMAR MRS ODOI DANIEL KING SAM SOLOMON MARY M. D. METTLE-NUNOO E. A. DODOO S. D. SENAYAH EMMANUEL. AMOO KWASI DORKUNOR G. K. ADDRESS C 24/1 NSAWAM ROAD C 28/7 BEH. CARPRICE TOTEL WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 538 C 550/7 OLYMPICS LINK HNO C 407/7 HSE NO C 535/7 HSE NO C 533/7 C 553/7 OLYMPICS LINK C 554/7 OLYMPICS LINK C 555/7 OLYMPICS LINK C 556/7 OLYMPICS LINK WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 527 NR HSE NO C 482/7 OLYMPIS LINK BEHIND C 482/7 OLYMPICS LINK HNO C 560/7, KPEHE C 561/7 SCHOOL ROAD C 562/7 SCHOOL ROAD C 563/7 SCHOOL ROAD C 564/7 SCHOOL ROAD C 565/7 SCHOOL ROAD C 566/7 SCHOOL ROAD

District Metered Area Objectives • • Eliminating (inefficient) human element • in billing Reducing unexplained water loss during • distribution Easy Identification of areas with problematic water supply Monitoring water supply by service providers Actors Water flow DM 1 Revenue flow DM 2 Ghana Water Company Ltd. Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd. Public Utilities Regulatory Commission Water Bills Paid within Area = Volume of Flow between District Meters (DM 1, DM 2)

E-Governance CHF twice organized the Urban Forum to build partnerships at the Institute of Local Government Studies, with participants from v AMA, STMA and other District Assemblies v Professional Learning Institutions ILGS, KNUST v Government Ministries, Departments & Agencies v Private actors v Local NGOs and v Civil Society Organizations • Participants prioritized the Urban Platform as a means to influence urban policy decisions and governance • A policy brief has been prepared and circulated to participants and stakeholders. http: //groups. google. co. uk/group/the-urban-platform-GH? hl=en-GB

Lessons Urban Poverty Mapping OUTPUTS URBAN POVERTY MAPPING Thematic poverty maps Urban poverty definition OUTCOMES Prioritized domains Prioritized geographical zones Influence on urban planning and projects design

Lessons Community Mapping General Information and Maps • Income • Housing Typologies • Public Facility • Refuse dumps • Public toilets • Electricity poles, pylons, substations • GWCL lines Specific Uses • Flood Intervention proposals • Housing improvements • Community Facilities Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Local and Municipal level Action Amplifying the voice of the urban poor Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS) Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities Community mapping for interventions – – Participatory data collection Discussing solution to undesirable living conditions Capacity building at all level and across sectors Community mobilization and consensus building

Bottom-Up Urban Poverty Mapping Interface between Local Authorities and Slum Dwellers Changed Power Dynamics Citizen Engagement Community Mapping In Multi Stakeholders Contracts Active Engagement of Municipal Authorities to integrate citizens aspirations into In plans and budgets Improved living conditions Good Urban Governance Improved urban services Co–Producing the City Specific Participatory Surveys Inclusive Planning Improved shelters Participatory Budgeting Improved incomes INFORMATION PARTICIPATION&PARTNERSHIP PRO-POOR INTERVENTION

Scaling-up SCALING-UP, a bottom-up approach to real sustainable development-oriented urban governance backed by appropriate technology.

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