Constitutional Convention Members Principles Agreements and Compromises
Members White 55 delegates Males Statesmen, lawyers, planters. bankers, businessmen Most under age 50 ABSENT from the Convention John Adams- ambassador to England Thomas Jefferson- ambassador to France Patrick Henry- “smelled a rat” Sam Adams- not chosen by state to be part of the delegation
Famous Members Alexander Hamilton- leader of strong government George Washington- chairman of the convention James Madison- ‘father of the Constitution’ Benjamin Franklin- oldest member at 81 was also at the 2 nd Continental Congress
Agreements and Compromises All agreed that rights to property should be protected. Ben Franklin proposed universal suffrage for all males, but most wanted only those with land to vote Most delegates favored a bicameral legislature
Agreements and Compromises Virginia Plan- favored by large states Proposed by Edmund Randolph Written by James Madison Endorsed by Alexander Hamilton Wanted Government with a bicameral legislature Large house elected by popular vote Smaller house chosen by larger house members from nominees chosen by state legislatures Number of Representatives based on wealth
Agreements and Compromises New Jersey Plan- favored by small states Proposed by William Paterson Unicameral house Each state one vote Did not require a strong central government
The Great Compromise Aka: Connecticut Compromise Bicameral house- benefit all states One house called Senate (Small states happy) Members chosen by the state legislatures Each state gets one vote One house called House of Representatives(Lg. States) Members chosen by population Number of members based on population
Agreements and Compromises Three-fifths clause favors Southern states All slaves would be counted in the census for representation in the House as 3/5 ths of a man
Agreements and Compromises Electoral College People chosen by the state legislatures Vote for president and vice-president Supposed to reflect the will of the people
Agreements and Compromises Amendment compromise 2/3 vote of each house of Congress and ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures 2/3 vote of both houses and ratified by state conventions of ¾ of the states (used 21 st amendment)
General Contents of the Articles of the Constitution Provides organized structure of how the government is supposed to work PREAMBLE – States the purposes of government Article 1: Legislative Branch Article 2: Executive Branch Article 3: Judicial Branch Article 4: Relations among the States Article 5: Amending Process Article 6: National Supremacy Article 7: Ratification of the Constitution
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH – makes laws CONGRESS HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES 435 members Based On Population TERM LEVEL – 2 years SENATE 100 members 2 per state Each state has equal representation TERM LEVEL – 6 years Each member serves on
EXECUTIVE BRANCH Enforces Laws PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT TERM LEVEL – 4 years President of the Senate TERM LEVEL – 4 years 15 Executive Departments (Cabinet) Each headed by a “Secretary” Independent Agencies (NASA, Post Office, FDA, CDC, etc)
JUDICIAL BRANCH– interprets laws SUPREME COURT 9 Justices TERM LEVEL – Life terms DISTRICT COURTS Trial Courts COURT of APPEALS Appeal Courts
The Bill of Rights The First 10 Amendments to the Constitution Take notes on the slides as they appear.
1 st Amendment The 1 st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition. This means that we all have the right to: practice any religion we want to to speak freely to assemble (meet) to address the government (petition) to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet (press)
st 1 Amendment Personal Freedoms (Speech, religion, press, assemble)
2 nd Amendment The 2 nd Amendment protects the right to bear arms, which means the right to own a gun.
3 rd Amendment The 3 rd Amendment says “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ” This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers.
4 th Amendment The 4 th Amendment protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures. This means that the police must have a warrant to enter our homes. It also means the government cannot take our property, papers, or us, without a valid warrant based on probable cause (good reason).
5 th Amendment The 5 th Amendment protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, (accused) You may not be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy) You don’t have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-incrimination)
6 th Amendment The 6 th Amendment guarantees a speedy trial (you can’t be kept in jail for over a year without a trial) an impartial jury (doesn’t already think you are guilty) that the accused can confront witnesses against them the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer
7 th Amendment The 7 th Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy civil trial. A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A civil trial is when someone sues someone else. A criminal trial is when the state tries to convict someone of a crime.
8 th Amendment The 8 th Amendment guarantees that punishments will be fair and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set.
9 th Amendment All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people. This means that the states can do what they want if the Constitution does not forbid it.
10 th Amendment The 10 th Amendment states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.
First 10 Amendments to the Constitution in 1791 Rights and freedoms won in the Revolution are preserved and protected… FREEDOM of Religion, Press, Speech, Assembly, Petition 2. RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS 3. No QUARTERING of soldiers in peacetime 4. NO UNREASONABLE SEARCH and SEIZURE 5. PROTECTION of ACCUSED 1. Bill of rights 6. RIGHT TO A SPEEDY, PUBLIC TRIAL BY JURY 7. TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL SUITS 8. NO EXCESSIVE FINES or CRUEL PUNISHMENT 9. POWERS RESERVED TO THE PEOPLE 10. POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES
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