Consolidating Multiple Applications Protocols Intelligence on the

Consolidating Multiple Applications & Protocols Intelligence on the edge of your network MAN/WAN Infrastructure for BC/DR Garry Moreau Senior Staff Alliance Consultant Ciena Communications gmoreau@ciena. com (763) 421 -1449

AGENDA Ciena Deployment Overview Networking Options Performance Considerations Deployment Examples Summary

Application Solution Qualifications Metro Mirror Global Mirror z/OS Global Mirror Global Copy RVM VTS Pt. P VTS SVC SRDF/A SRDF/DM Mirror. View Connectrix SAN Copy True. Copy Nano. Copy Tagma. Store HXRC Open Ready and High Availability SANbox DRM MA 8000 CA for EVA CA for XP Interoperability VSM D-Series Core Director CN 4200 Metro Director Onwave, Online Wavestar Bandwidth Manager FC/9000 FLM 600 FLM 2400 MAGNITUDE REDI SAN DCS & DWDM: 1696 MS, 1696 MS-C, 1686 WM, 1640 WM CWDM: 1692 MSE SONET: 1677 SL, 1680 OGX SDH(pending): 1670 SM, 1660 SM, 1650 SM OPTera 5200, 4000, 3500 SN 16000 SN 3000 In. Speed Catalyst 6500, 5505, 5420, 4000, 3524, 3508 MDS 9216, 9509 15454 SONET 15540 DWDM

Ciena Data Center and Optical WAN Solutions Enterprise – R&E – Government Applications DATA CENTER A DATA CENTER B Data Center SDH Ethernet WDM 100 s – 1000 s kms Field Office Data Center Storage Extension Solutions Interconnecting data centers with high performance WANs that are optimized for efficiency supporting Metro, Global Mirror, z/OS Global Mirror, Pt. PVTS Enterprise Optical Networks Consolidated networks with flexible connectivity to meet application requirements of emerging applications such as GDPS and STP supporting Metro, Global Mirror and z/OS Global Mirror Regional and National Backbones Optical switching + transport for government agencies and enterprises

Ciena Solutions for IBM Mainframe Environments Remote Data Center Long Distance Storage and LAN Extension For Metro Mirror, Global Mirror, z/OS Global Mirror, Metro/Global Mirror, SVC, Pt. P-VTS Lowest networking costs for GDPS / STP Up Only IBM-certified system capable of multiplexing STP channels onto a single wavelength to SONET SDH 00 1, 0 SONET SDH m fk so This in turn drives highest scalability WDM For GDPS/STP Metro Mirror, Global Mirror, z/OS Global Mirror, Primary Data Center WDM over dark fiber Up to 100 s of km Remote Data Center Unprecedented flexibility, with programmable approach to enable evolution to advanced protocol support (IB)

Ciena’s Enterprise Product Portfolio Product Occupancy low Control F Dro ppe d Fra mes ON-Center Manager Key Functionality Network SLA Monitoring Policy Based Management ESCON/FICON/Gb. E/FC – Per Client Port Hardware Compression CN 2000 DS 3/Gb. E/SONET/SDH/Gb. E/DWDM – DBA Active Multiplexing Flexi. Port Programmable Line Modules Optimal sub-λ Grooming and Switching CN 4200 MC 3 Rd Generation ROADM Multi-service flexible transport platform Any port can be programmed to any protocol Any port can be either network or client CN 4200 Supports CWDM and DWDM 3 rd Generation ROADM

AGENDA Overview Networking Options Performance Considerations Deployment Examples Summary

Choices Connecting Data Centers Deploy Fiber between buildings Build your own network (likely using WDM equipment) Lease a connection from a carrier or service provider Likely a SONET service, wavelength service, or an IP service Manage your own network, and the gateways Lease a Managed Storage Service Combination of the gateway solution + the connectivity Customized SLAs and service features focused on extension

Wide Area Network Considerations Cost Must meet Budget Constraints Security Guaranteed Isolation of Sensitive Data Guaranteed Data Delivery Performance Minimal Impact on the Application with a High Throughput, Low Latency, and Rapid Restore Times Capacity Intelligent utilization of network resources Manageability Ability to Monitor/Report/Protect to Maximize Performance and Perform Rapid Fault Isolation. Flexibility Support for all Data Types (Storage, Voice, Data, Video) and Applications

MAN / WAN Options Available Transports Private Build or Leased (Campus / Metro only) WDM SO NE T SD H Leased Bandwidth (Campus / Metro / Long-Haul) Gb. E CN 2000 SON ET SDH SO NE T SD H Gb. E 100 b. T Ethernet Switch SO NE T SD H G b E SO NE T SD H SONET/SDH Gb E CN 2000 Gb. E 100 b. T Ethernet Switch Point-to-point Ethernet over SONET Carrier Private Line Service SO NE T SD H IP Gateway Router ATM Switch SO NE T SD H IP/Po. S S O N E T S D H SO NE T SD H ATM/Po. S WDM / Dark Fiber Multiple services on a fiber, high capacity, campus or metro SONET/SDH Secure bandwidth, ubiquitous service access Gb. E Qo. S point-to-point Gb. E private line services IP/Po. S Storage mapped into IP packets, usually through TCP/IP ATM/Po. S Used by legacy channel extension technology, costly

MAN/WAN Options Technology Cost SONET/SDH SONET SDH DS 3 Reliability Latency $$$$ X $ $$$ WDM Distance X $ X X $$ $ Gb. E CN 2000 SONET SDH Gb. E CN 2000 100 b. T Ethernet Switch Point-to-point Ethernet over SONET Carrier Private Line Service ATM/Po. S SONET SDH ATM Switch IP/Po. S SONET SDH IP Gateway Router SONET SDH

IP Routed Network IP Network FC FC FC Switch Gb. E FC over IP Gb. E Switch Router Gb. E Router Switch FC FC over IP FC Switch Storage extension over IP networks (e. g. a leased Gb. E service) is only feasible if very high Qo. S SLAs can be guaranteed Latency less than 5 ms Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 99. 99% or higher TCP can drive a maximum of 100 Mbps over a network with a latency of 5 ms and PDR of 99. 99% IP networks must be dedicated to SAN extension in order to maximize PDR and minimize latency and even then, they can not support synchronous applications due to their high latency Bandwidth must be over-provisioned by up to 50% to account for dropped packets and retransmissions FC

ATM Dedicated Network ATM Network FC FC FC Switch OC-3 c Channel Extender OC-12 c ATM Switch OC-3 c FC Channel Extender FC FC Switch Channel extenders represent a legacy approach to storage extension Support ESCON/FC/FICON neglecting overall data center extension requirement likely including Gb. E ATM mapping adds significant overhead resulting in bandwidth inefficiency Extremely high pricing Adds significant latency to applications not requiring “host emulation” resulting in decreased application performance

Gigabit Ethernet Private Line Services Gb. E over wavelengths: Fiber Gb. E DWDM Ø Mapping directly into wavelength Ø Dark fiber distances Gb. E over SONET/SDH: Gb. E SONET SDH Gb. E or 100 b. T SONET SDH L 2 Switched Ethernet Network Or L 2 Ethernet VLAN over L 3 Network Gb. E Ø Mapping directly into TDM Ø 43% of Ethernet Services in NA are based on SONET Gb. E over switched service: Ø Over shared service Ø Similar performance to IP VPN service Carrier’s Gb. E services can have high performance, BUT still need to consider the switching/routing equipment within an enterprise

Storage over WDM Protocol Rate Service Today’s Applications • Fiber relief • Native protocol carriage (Gb. E, Fibre Channel, ESCON) • Virtual Private Network • Bandwidth Leasing Fiber or Wavelength Characteristics for Storage • Large capacity (80 G in Metro) • Reach limited to metro distances • DWDM is cost effective for large # of services and volumes of data (> 10 Gbps) • CWDM provides a lower cost solution

Storage over SONET / SDH What is SONET / SDH? Self-monitored high performance networking technology Ubiquitous network with over 150, 000 installed carrier rings Uses Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to aggregate multiple signals together Standardized rates from 50 Mbps – 40 Gbps Why SONET / SDH? Guaranteed, high bandwidth Low latency Deterministic Secure, 99. 999% availability network Metro and Long Haul networks National and International SONET/SDH Based Services Perfectly Match the Requirements of Business Continuance Applications

SONET as the Backbone Native Services are Transported Worldwide over SONET IP 99% of all data traffic goes across the SONET network, including IP IP ATM SONET/SDH Network LAN Traffic (Ethernet) Bit Rate (Mbits/sec) Electrical SONET Optical SONET SDH Equivalent 51. 84 STS-1 OC-1 155. 52 STS-3 OC-3 STM-1 622. 08 STS-12 OC-12 STM-4 2488. 32 STS-48 OC-48 STM-16 9953. 28 STS-192 OC-192 STM-64 Native protocols are mapped directly into SONET as soon as they leave the building or campus where they originated

AGENDA Overview Networking Options Performance Considerations Deployment Examples Summary

Performance Considerations Latency Delay introduced by the intermediate equipment (i. e. switches, transport, speed of light in fiber, packet loss, jitter) which slows down the response time of applications Bandwidth Dedicate enough bandwidth to ensure optimum application performance, but only allocate the required to bandwidth to minimize MAN/WAN costs Choose a storage networking technology that efficiently makes use of expensive MAN / WAN resources Protocol Flow Control Not have sufficient protocol extension capabilities will leave the application waiting Latency, Bandwidth and Protocol Flow Control can significantly impact application performance

Performance Considerations: Network Latency Element Switching Time of Flight • Time it takes light to traverse the network • 5 sec per km • 1 ms per 125 miles Data Center Technology Switching Latency Notes Impact on Response Time DWDM <5 sec Lowest latency None SONET/SDH/Gb. E <20 sec Low latency None ATM 100 s of sec IP 1000 s of sec Significant Varies heavily on traffic load, quality of IP service, bandwidth contention High

TCP/IP Flow Control “A packet is missing, please resend the last 20 packets” Lost packet Enterprise Location 1 Enterprise Location 2 TCP enables guaranteed services across lossy IP networks TCP has a mechanism to request retransmission of lost packets Bandwidth wasted increases with high data rates and latency When extending high-end applications over a lossy metropolitan or wide area network, severe performance limitations emerge Need to consider: Packet Delivery Ratio Packet Error Ratio % of TCP Retransmits Sources of Inefficiencies Time to recognize that a packet is lost Time for “lost packet” message to be sent Amount of data resent Storage over IP devices typically offload this retransmission requirement from the storage, but this does not eliminate the end to end latency

Packet / Cell Loss Contributions 1200 Provisioned Bandwidth Average Data Throughput Lost Packet Typical operating region Required operating region 1000 Mbps Throughput IP Network 800 600 Service Rate Bandwidth Consumed Goodput 400 200 Timeout • Lost packet results in cutting throughput in half • Throughput slowly recovers over time • Similar effects with other IP and ATM Storage Solutions 0 99% 99. 999% Packet / Cell Delivery Ratio Due to lost packets and retransmissions, goodput is artificially limited Performance of Storage Across IP and ATM Infrastructures is Significantly Affected by Loss

Performance Considerations: Bandwidth Tradeoff Between Cost and Application Performance Cost MAN/WAN networking can be greater than 60% of the BC/DR application cost Minimize the bandwidth used through Data Compression Efficient Mapping Application Consolidation over a single transport Performance Need to consider the actual throughput of data Need to guarantee application isolation and efficient delivery of data If not enough bandwidth is allocated, or too much contention in the network, a bottleneck to the application will occur Optimum Solution: Bandwidth Allocated = Application Requirement

Typical Deployment Comparison Option #1: Storage over IP Routed Network May be consolidated into a single device FC Switch Disk FCIP FC FC Optional Switch FCIP Gateway DWDM/OC-3 or Gb. E FC/IP Router MAN/WAN FC/IP FCIP Router FCIP Gateway LAN Switch LAN FC FC FC Switch Disk LAN Multiple G/W’s, switches and routers: add latency, dropped packets, lower throughput and complexity (Both Sides) Option #2: Storage over DWDM/SONET/Gb. E Network FC Pt-to-Pt mode FC FC Fabric mode Disk Gb. E FC Switch LAN FC Pt-to-Pt mode or DWDM/OC-n or Gb. E or CN 2000 Storage over SONET/DS 3 MAN/WAN Router Guarantees layer 1 isolation, yet aggregation and data compression of all traffic (FC&LAN) before connecting to the WAN CN 2000 Storage over SONET/DS 3 Gb. E FC FC Fabric mode FC Switch LAN Disk

Data Compression Protocol Line Rate Data Frame IDLE Frame Active Multiplexing Compressed Data Rate (varies) 1 Gbps Application Rate (dependent upon application content) 300 Mbps <150 Mbps Compressor MAN or WAN Data Compression Content Compression IDLE removal Each port has dedicated compression chips, ensuring wirespeed performance and maximum compression Uses industry standard LZS (Lempel Ziv Stac) algorithm Automatically disabled on a per-packet basis when data not compressible Available on all protocols and all interfaces FC/FICON/ESCON/Gb. E DS 3, OC-3/12/48, STM-1/4/16, DWDM, Dark Fiber Port Hardware Compression Dramatically Reduces WAN Bandwidth Costs

Reducing Bandwidth Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing Disk Mirroring Tape Backup LAN Remote Data Center Fibre Channel 65% Gb. E 20% Aggregated Traffic 15% Gb. E Each port is assigned a guaranteed minimum percentage of the bandwidth The percentage can be assigned to any value from 0% to 100% When only one port has traffic to send, it has access to the entire link

Performance Considerations Standards Protocol Efficiency FC FC FICON ESCON AAL ATM SONET/SDH FICON FCIP TCP IP IPsec PPP SONET/SDH FC Gb. E FICON ESCON Optical Storage over ATM Storage over IP Storage over SONET/SDH WDM Mapping Multiple Layers Direct Mapping Efficiency 80% 98% 100% Protocol Support FICON, FC, ESCON, Limited Gb. E FICON, FC, Limited ESCON and Gb. E FICON, FC, ESCON, Gb. E Retransmission due to loss Limits performance Severely impacts performance 0% 0% Security Isolated Shared Secure Layer 1 Isolation Secure Layer 0 Isolation

AGENDA Overview Networking Options Performance Considerations Deployment Examples Summary

Certification Test Results IBM Global Mirroring in IBM Tucson Global Mirror Establish Bandwidth* Ciena 240 1 G FC Bandwidth (MB/sec) 200 1 G FC 622 Mbps Ciena 160 CN 2000 Competitor 120 80 CN 2000 Competitor 2 G FC 2 x 1000 Mbps 2 G FC 40 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 PPRC Distance (miles) Option 1: Competitor WAN Bandwidth** Performance over perfect network • Data was extracted from an IBM white paper titled: “IBM Total. Storage ESS Global Mirror Asynchronous Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy Performance Perspectives - Aug 2004” Performance over a real world network Option 2: Ciena 2, 000 Mbps 622 Mbps (two Gb. E) (OC-12) 0% packet loss 0% errors ~20% higher throughput 0. 1% packet loss 0. 0000001% errors Retransmits required ~30 - 40% higher throughput

Deployment Example Storage over SONET Data Center Storage over IP over Router with Po. S (Packet over SONET) IP Stora Gb. E Switch ge Switch over IP Data Center OC-3 MAN / WAN FC Storage over SONET Disk Gb. E Switch Storage over Gb. E SONET > 50 % capital cost savings IP MAN / WAN Disk FC Why Customer Choose Storage over SONET FC Gb. E Stora Switch ge over IP 2 X improvement in WAN utilization Disk Data Center FC & ESCON OC-3 Disk Gb. E Switch Detailed performance monitoring of services and WAN

Deployment Example Fortune 1000 Financial Services Atlanta, GA Sterling Forest, NJ Optional LAN traffic Gb. E Carrier SONET Service CN 2000 Storage over IP Storage over SONET Mapping Multiple Layers Direct Efficiency 85% 98% Provisioning Specific Cards, specific software Software tunable ports Compression One compressor on WAN side Per port compression in hardware 21 MB/s per OC-3 33 - 43 MB/s per OC-3 (to meet growth customer needed 2 nd OC-3) (Existing OC-3 meets growth) $140 k $90 k $60 k/month (two OC-3 s) $30 k/month (one OC-3 s) $2. 3 Million $1. 17 Million Throughput Cost in Capital Cost in Networking TOTAL COST (3 yr)

Deployment Example DWDM and Storage over SONET Data Center 2 Data Center 1 FC Switch FC DWDM Dark Fiber Server s DWDM provided extremely low latency and significant capacity 2. 5 Gbps today scaling to 80 Gbps FC Switch OC-3 SONET Gb. E Geo. Clusterin g Tape Libraries Why the customer choose DWDM & Storage over SONET Optical Distance ~ 30 Km (18. 7 Mi) Leased a SONET OC -3 service as a backup

AGENDA Overview Networking Options Performance Considerations Deployment Examples Summary

Summary Costs due to WAN extension dominate the business case for BC/DR solutions Solutions vary greatly based on cost, performance, security and data availability targets – there is no single answer Carriers and Service providers must be leveraged for solutions beyond fiber only New products are available that both simplify the deployment of, and help drive down the costs associated with distance solutions for storage extension