Conflicts with Samaria Lauren Bothereau
Samaria: Overview § Both a region and (later) a capital city § Originally settled by tribes of Joseph and Ephraim (13 th century B. C. ) § Major places = Shechem, Mt. Gerizim § Samaria (city) built in 9 th century B. C.
Early History § First references to area: Gen 12: 6 -7, 33: 18 -20: Abram and Jacob build altars in Shechem Deut 11: 29: Mt. Gerizim is blessed Deut 27: Moses builds altar on Mt. Gerizim
Assyrian Conquest § Hoshea becomes king of Israel in Samaria (city) § Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, came to attack Hoshea and invaded entire land of Samaria (region) § 2 Kings 17: 3 -6 a (Message) § 2 Kings 17: 5 -6 a § Samaria destroyed in 721 B. C.
Struggle for Control § 7 th century BC: short-lived attempts by Judah to politically & culturally control Samaria § 6 th century BC: Babylonians conquer Judah; incorporate Jerusalem and northern Judah into district of Samaria § 5 th century BC: Persians separate Jerusalem and Samaria; restore province of Judea, causing hostility from governor of Samaria § Judeans hostile towards Samaritans who want to help reconstruct Jerusalem temple
Temple on Mt. Gerizim § Revolt broke out in 4 th century BC that forced much of local population to flee; cities of Samaria and Shechem rebuilt by remaining disenfranchised Samaritans § This group of Samaritans built a temple to the Hebrew God on Mt. Gerizim These are the “Samaritans” encountered in the New Testament
§ During the 2 nd century BC, (ca. 128), Samaria and Shechem were destroyed by John Hyrcanus § Jews destroyed temple as well Region -> Judean control Actions increased hostility between groups
Relationship between Jews and Samaritans § Jews and Samaritans share a common origin, but greatly differ in regard to the sanctity of Jerusalem (Jews) & Mt. Gerizim (Samaritans) § John 4: 20 Negative attitude led to complete avoidance of one another Samaritan Woman at Well Parable of Good Samaritan (Luke)
Relationship between Jews and Samaritans § Eventually it was standard practice for Jews to completely avoid the region of Samaria when traveling to Jerusalem § Samaritans were excluded from the Jerusalem Temple, and were therefore considered “foreigners” to the Jews, despite common heritage
New Testament Application § In order to travel down to Jerusalem, Jesus “had to go through Samaria” (John 4: 4) Jews and Samarians had a long history of fighting and conflict, and wanting nothing to do with one another
NT Application (cont. ) § Luke 9: 51 -53 Samaritans hostile to Jews traveling to Jerusalem; Jews frequently took the Jordan River route § John 4: 9 Jews would be considered ceremonially unclean if they used a drinking vessel handled by a Samaritan § John 4: 20 Difference in worship site
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