CONFIDENTIAL
Reliable Resilient Real-time Flood Warning Network James Logan, One. Rain, CONFIDENTIAL
Flood Warning
Summary • What is in a real-time monitoring network? • How can it be made it reliable and resilient? – Identify single points of failure, options for mitigating single points of failure – Based on risk and cost, implement redundancy where it makes sense
What make a real-time monitoring network?
What does it mean to be reliable and resilient? • Reliability is the achieved outcome – It is up every time it is needed – Data is available anytime/anywhere • Resiliency lies in the design and maintenance • Design minimizes single points of failure • Strong maintenance practices and tracking help achieve accountable performance
Telemetry • Affordable and sustainable – Power management, cost, vandalism issues • Timely delivery – Flash flooding requires real-time data • Reliable paths – RF and network • Redundant paths increase data reliability
Analyze for points of failure • Gauge Site Failures – Is redundancy required here? – If you lose a sensor, will your operations fail? • Repeater Failures – If you lose a repeater, what data are lost?
Analyze for points of failure • Base Station Failures – Power, antenna, receiver, decoder; Will one failure take the system down? – Connectivity for dissemination; How many users are impacted? Will alarms go out?
Reliable networks are designed to avoid single points of failure • Move single points of failure out to gauges • Redundant telemetry at repeater sites – Independent receive/transmit, different data channels (ALERT, satellite, IP, cell, ALERT 2™) • Redundant data receive sites – Geographically distributed, diverse mechanisms
Mitigating missing rain gauges • Importance of rain gauges – If a gauge does not participate, you have lost that area of rainfall monitoring, could be a critical catchment • GARR lessens impact of lost rain gauges – Gauges used to calibrate radars superior spatial coverage – No loss of information at gauge that failed, less certainty of overall accuracy than with the gauge
Rain gauges vs. gauges + radar Gauge-only rainfall estimates Gauge-adjusted radar rainfall estimates
Reliable networks are well-maintained, their performance held accountable • Solid, standardized maintenance practices – Routine/proactive scheduled maintenance – Good trouble recognition and troubleshooting – Daily analysis of data, statistical tools • Performance accountability – Daily/monthly/annual reporting to show sensor, network availability
Data collection & dissemination • Reliable/redundant receive points – Safe archiving once data arrive – Lost gauge data are irreplaceable • Accessibility – Anytime/anywhere access – Usability • Appropriate security – Authorized users? What should the public see?
Real life examples
Los Angeles County • Redundant repeater path • ALERT RF and Storm. Link™ Satellite Concentrators at Repeaters • Redundant base stations • DIADvisor™ and Contrail® Web for Base Station Redundancy
Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District • Redundant repeater path • ALERT RF and ALERT 2™ at Repeaters • Redundant base stations • Mission critical customer agencies of UDFCD have their own base station receiver and software as backup to UDFCDs website
Monterey County • Repeater Redundancy • ALERT RF and Storm. Link™ IP Concentrator at repeater • Base Station Redundancy • Local DIADvior™ Base Station and Contrail® Web for base station redundancy
Napa County • Repeater Redundancy • ALERT RF and Storm. Link™ Satellite concentrator at repeater • Base Station Redundancy • Local DIADvisor™ Base Station and Contrail® Web for base station redundancy
Summary • Identify single points of failure • Investigate options for reducing single points of failure – Network backbone – Base Stations • Based on risk and cost, implement redundancy where it makes sense
Thanks! Questions?
CONFIDENTIAL
Storm. Link™ Satellite Telemetry • • L – Band 20 second latency Independent channel Independent infrastrucure – Contrail® Web
MSAT Satellite X. 25 Storm. Link™ rainfall example Downlink X. 25 Reston, VA Radar Data gauge Data TCP/IP Customized Products VPN Tunnel Internet XML http Remote Site Client Application (DIADvisor™, other) Contrail® client
Network Evaluations • • • Harris County, TX Louisville MSD, KY Overland Park, KS Clark County, NV Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District • Southern CA ALERT Network (SCAN) • Maricopa County, AZ • Entergy Corporation
Monitoring components • Site design issues, for example: – Good capture by rain gauge? – PT in the water at low levels? – Vulnerability to high flows? • Representative monitoring, for example: – Rainfall – are gauge data used alone or to calibrate radar (don’t need as many gauges with GARR)?
BOR/BIA Dam Safety Project • Since 2004 • 130+ high risk, high hazard dams • Contrail® Web with automated alarms & notifications • Supporting National Monitoring Center, staffed 24/7
Louisville/Jefferson County MSD • Since 2003 • Real-time control support • MSD, USGS and METAR gauges • One. Rainware™ GARR – Real-time, 4 -hour forecast • Contrail® Web with automated alarms & notifications
X. 25 MSAT Satellite Storm. Link™ rainfall example Downlink X. 25 Reston, VA TCP/IP VPN Tunnel Internet XML http Remote Site Client Application (DIADvisor™, other) Contrail® client
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