Conditionals Types of Conditionals Zero conditional First

Conditionals

Types of Conditionals Zero conditional First conditional (Type 1 conditional) Seconditional(Type 2 conditional) Third conditional (Type 3 conditional) Wishes

When and how we use Conditionals We use Conditional sentences when we want to say something is the consequence of or depends on something else. Conditional sentences consist of if-clause main clause (hypothesis) (result) OR main clause if-clause We put a comma after the if-clause when it comes first.

Zero Conditionals (general truth) We use Zero Conditionals when we talk about things that are generally true all the time. We use the Present Simple in both clauses. e. g. The dog runs away if we leave the door open. If you freeze water, it becomes ice.

First Conditionals (real present) We use the first conditional to talk about something that will probably happen. if-clause if + Present Simple main clause Future Simple Imperative can/must/may etc. + infinitive e. g. If there any tickets left, we will see the film tomorrow. (Future Simple) If Julia comes this evening, we can go to the cinema. (Modal verb) If you see her, ask her to come to me. (Imperative)

Unless, when We can use unless instead of if … not in the if-clause. The verb is always in the affirmative after unless. We can also use when instead of if. e. g. Unless you go to the doctor, you won`t know what medicine to take. (=If you don`t go to the doctor, you won`t know what medicine to take. ) Unless it snows a lot, we won`t be able to go skiing. (= If it doesn`t snow a lot, we won`t be able to go skiing. ) When you read the book, give it to me.

Look at the pictures and the prompts and make sentences as in the example. 1. If you go to New York, You will/can see the Empire State Building. 2. If you go to Paris, you will/can see the Eiffel Tower. 3. If you go to Egypt, you will/can see the Pyramids. 4. If you go to Sydney< you will/can see the Sydney Opera House. 5. If you go to Venice, you will/can see some gondolas. 6. If you go to Hawaii, You will/can see some palm trees.

Match column A with column B in order to make correct type 1 conditional sentences, as in the example. Column A a make a sandwich b get something to drink 1 tired 2 hungry c go to bed 3 bored d take one of these pills 4 thirsty 5 seasick e read a good book e. g. If you are tired, go to bed. 2 If you are sandwich. 3 If you are 4 If you are drink. 5 If you are pills. Column B hungry, make a bored, read a good book. thirsty, get something to seasick, take one of the

Fill in unless or if. 1 We won`t go on holiday unless we take our dog for a walk. If 2 we don`t buy it now, will have to get it later. Rewrite the sentences, as in the example. 1 If Henry doesn`t phone, we`ll leave without him. Unless Henry phones, we`ll leave without him. If 3 you go to bed late, you`ll be tired in the morning. 2 Sarah will be disappointed if you don`t send her a birthday card. 4 I can`t finish my homework Sarah we`ll be disappointed unless you send her a birthday card. unless you help me. 3 Maria won`t go to theatre if Peter doesn`t go with her. 5 We`ll have a picnic on Saturday 4 If Dennis doesn`t write soon, I will be very upset. unless the weather is bad. 6 You`ll catch a cold wear your coat. 7 I`ll open the window too hot. unless Maria won`t go to theatre unless Peter goes with her. you unless I get Unless Dennis writes soon, I will be very upset. 5 If you don`t do your homework, I won`t let you watch TV. Unless you do your homework, I won`t let you watch TV.

When we ask a question in the first conditional, the if-clause does not change. The question form appears in the result clause. Complete the sentences. e. g. If I don`t lend him the money, …………… (he/be angry) ? – If I don`t lend him the money, will he be angry? 1 ……………… her if I give her number? (you/ring up) – Will you ring her up if I give you her number? 2 If she gets up early, ……………? (she/make breakfast) – If she gets up early, will she make breakfast? 3 If you earn some extra money, ……………. . ? (you/take us out for a meal) – If you earn some extra money, will you take us out for a meal? 4 If I lend you my jacket, ……………. . ? (you/give it back tomorrow) – If I lend you my jacket, will you give it back tomorrow? 5 If you get the job, ……………. . ? (you/have to live abroad) – If you get the job, will you have to live abroad?

Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the example. If I get my degree, …… If I get a good job, …… If I earn a high salary, …… If I buy a house, ……

Seconditionals (Type 2) (imaginary) Type 2 conditionals express an imaginary or improbable situation which is unlikely to happen in the present or future. If - clause If + Past Simple main clause would/could/might + Infinitive e. g. If I had time, I would take up a sport. (I don`t have time now, so it is unlikely that I will take up a sport. – Improbable situation) v We can use were instead of was for all persons. e. g. If Peter was/were here, he would tell us what to do. v We use If I were you … when we want to give advice. e. g. If I were you, I`d talk to him about my problem.

Look at the pictures and the prompts. In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example. e. g. A: Shall I paint the fence red or green? B: If I were you, I`d paint it red. 1 If I were you, I`d order a salad. 2 If I were you, I`d have orange juice. 3 If I were you, I`d buy a goldfish. 4 If I were you, I`d go to Japan. 5 If I were you, I`d take up golf.

Third conditionals (Type 3) (unreal) Type 3 conditionals express imaginary situations in the past; that is, they refer to past situations that didn`t happen. If - clause If + Past perfect main clause would/could/might + have+ Past participle e. g. If she had called earlier, I would have told her about the meeting. (She didn`t call earlier, so I didn`t tell her about the meeting. )

Read the story and write type 3 conditional sentences, as in the example. 1 If Ben hadn`t offered to help his neighbour fix the roof, he wouldn`t have climed up the ladder. 2 If he hadn`t climbed up the ladder, he wouldn`t have broken his leg. 3 If he hadn`t broken his leg, he wouldn`t have gone to hospital. 4 If he hadn`t gone to hospital, he wouldn`t have met Linda here. 5 If he hadn`t met Linda here, he wouldn`t have fallen in love with her. 6 If he hadn`t fallen in live with Linda, he wouldn`t have married her six months later.