COMPUTING FOR MANAGEMENT Lecture 1 Professor Dr

COMPUTING FOR MANAGEMENT Lecture 1

Professor Dr. Sajjad Mohsin Ph. D. Division of Production, Information and Systems Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology (MIT), Hokkaido. JAPAN M. E. Dept. of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, MIT. JAPAN M. Sc. Computer Science Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 1 A-2

Experience Professor & Dean FIST, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan, April 2011 to date Dean FIST & Chairman CS (Associate Professor)COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan, Nov 2010 to August 2011 Chairman & Head (Associate Professor) Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan, July 2009 to Nov 2010. 1 A-3

Experience Head (Associate Professor), Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan, January 2008 to July 2009 Associate Professor, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, April 2005 -January 2008 Research Assistant with Prof. Yukinori Suzuki, MIT Japan, 2004 to 2005 Research Project: A study on Telecommunication Network Modeling. 1 A-4

Experience Research Assistant with Prof. Yukinori Suzuki, MIT Japan. Research, 2003 -2004 Project: A study on Congestion Control of Telecommunication Network. Teaching Assistant with Dr. Yasushi Honda, MIT Japan. Oct 2002, to Feb 2003 Subject: Information Engineering Basic Practice B. Researcher with Prof. Yukinori Suzuki at the MIT Japan, Oct 1998 to March 2000. Systems Analyst, Central Telecom Research Laboratories (CTRL), Pakistan. Telecommunication Corporation Ltd. (PTCL), Islamabad. Pakistan, July 1992 – Sep. 2003 Systems Analyst, National Institute of Electronics (NIE), Islamabad. Pakistan, Jun. 1987 – Jul. 1992 1 A-5

Grants 2007 – Present Higher Education Commission, Pakistan approved & funded research project "High Performance Image Processing using Genetic Algorithms on Auto-Load Balancing Symmetric Multi-Processing Platform" worth more than (Pakistan Rs. ) 0. 6 million 2011 – 2013 National ICT R&D Fund approved and funded the research project titled “ 3 D Graphical Imagery Therapy for Healing Brain Tumors in Children” worth more than 11 million PKR. 1 A-6

HONORS Member Editorial Board of the “IEEE Transaction of The Fuzzy Systems” Journal Member Editorial Board of the World Information Technology Journal Member Editorial Board of the Information Technology Journal Approved Ph. D Supervisor of Higher Education Commission for Pakistan Member Australian Computer Society 1 A-7

Honors Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry of Education Scholarship for Ph. D. April 2002 - March 2005 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry of Education Scholarship for M. E. April 2000 –March 2002 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry of Education Scholarship as Research Student. Oct 1998 - March 2000. Awarded Merit Scholarship by the Quaid-i. Azam University Islamabad for M. Sc. Jan. 1985 – Dec. 1986 1 A-8

Computing for Management This course has been designed to help Management Science students to get familiar with the modern computing technologies. Students will get familiarity with the computers and computing facilities including the techniques to use different office management software systems, underline functioning and working of hardware. Computer organization, different operating systems and multiple application software will also be discussed. 1 A-9

Computing for Management Internet and Information communication technologies have widely affected global businesses. With the knowledge of solving business issues and activities using computing technologies, attendees will understand the usability and applications of it in a much better way. Knowledge of this domain would be utilized in the rest of the courses throughout the program. 1 A-10

Course Theme Introducing Computer Systems Interacting With Your Computer Seeing, Hearing, and Printing Data Processing Data Storing Data Using Operating Systems Working with Application Software Networks Presenting the Internet Applying Internet Technologies Database Management Development of Information Systems Software Programming and Development Information Assurance: Security, Privacy, and Ethics 1 A-11

Books Text Book P. Norton, Peter Norton’s introduction to computers. Glencoe/Mc. Graw-Hill, 6/e. Reference Books R. K. Rainer and C. G. Cegielski, Introduction to information systems: enabling and transforming business. Wiley, 2009. B. K. Williams, S. C. Sawyer, and S. E. Hutchinson, Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers &Telecommunications. Irwin Mc. Graw-Hill, United States of America, 1999. 1 A-12

Books Reference Books A. Leon and M. Leon, Fundamentals of information technology. Leon Techworld, 1999. D. H. Sanders, Computers today. Mc. Graw. Hill, Inc. , 1996. 1 A-13

Books – Useful url’s You can download the books from http: //www. 2 shared. com/document/V 36 S mc 1 I/Introduction_To_Computers_By_P. htm http: //www. 4 shared. com/office/nv. KZyz. Qg /introduction_to_information_sy. html. Other useful sources http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_comp uting_hardware http: //www. thocp. net/ 1 A-14

Marking scheme is 25% Assignment/Quiz 25% Sessionals 50% Marks Terminal Examinations 1 A-15

What is a Computer? It is an electronic device Converts data into information Modern computers are digital Two digits combine to make data, 0 and 1 Older computers were analog A range of values made data 1 A-16

Example of old analog computer 1 A-17

Modern Digital Computer 1 A-18

Where did Computers Come from? • Pre-mechanical age (3000 BC - 1450 AD) main contribution: writing and numbering system (e. g. cuneiform, alphabet, writing tools - clay, stylus, papyrus) • Mechanical age (1450 - 1840) main contribution: mechanical machines (e. g. printing press, slide rule, Pascaline) • Electromechanical age (1840 - 1940) main contribution: electric-powered machines (e. g. voltaic battery, telegraph, telephone, radio) • Electronic age (1940 - 1946 ) main contribution: electromechanical and digital machines. (e. g. punched card, programmable machines, digital computers )

Abacus 3000 BCE, early form of beads on wires, used in China Abacus, a Latin word derived its name from a Greek word abakos, a Greek genitive form of abax which means a calculating -table.

The Abacus (c. 3000 BCE)

Charles Babbage (1791 -1871)

Importance of the Difference Engine First attempt to devise a computing machine that was automatic in action and well adapted, by its printing mechanism, to a mathematical task of considerable importance.

Analytical Engine – A Design

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer 1 st large scale electronic digital computer designed and constructed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania

ENIAC at Moore School, University of Pennsylvania

IBM 360 The IBM System/360 (S/360) was a mainframe computer system family announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978 It was the first family of computers designed to cover the complete range of applications, from small to large, both commercial and scientific. 1 A-28

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John Von Neumann A great mathematician Von Neumann was a founding figure in computer science Identified to program machines, June 1945

Intel Noyce, Moore, and Andrew Grove leave Fairchild and found Intel in 1968 focus on random access memory (RAM) chips Ted Hoff designs the Intel 4004, the first microprocessor in 1969 based on Digital’s PDP-8

Intel processors CPU Year 4004 1971 8008 1972 8080 1974 8088 1980 80286 1982 80386 1985 80486 1989 Pentium 1993 Data Memory 4 1 K 8 16 K 8 64 K 8 1 M 16 1 M 32 4 G 64 4 G

Today’s Desktop Computers 1 A-33

Workstation Computer 1 A-34

Computers For Individual Use Notebook computers Small portable computers Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds About 8 ½ by 11 inches Typically as powerful as a desktop Can include a docking station 1 A-35

Computers For Individual Use Tablet computers Newest development in portable computers Input is through a pen Run specialized versions of office products 1 A-36

Computers For Individual Use Handheld computers Very small computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Note taking or contact management Data can synchronize with a desktop Smart phones Hybrid of cell phone and PDA Web surfing, e-mail access 1 A-37

Computers For Organizations Network servers Centralized computer All other computers connect Provides access to network resources Multiple servers are called server farms Often simply a powerful desktop 1 A-38

Network Servers 1 A-39

Computers For Organizations Mainframes Used in large organizations Handle thousands of users Users access through a terminal 1 A-40

Computers For Organizations Minicomputers Called midrange computers Power between mainframe and desktop Handle hundreds of users Used in smaller organizations Users access through a terminal 1 A-41

Computers For Organizations Supercomputers The most powerful computers made Handle large and complex calculations Process trillions of operations per second Found in research organizations 1 A-42

Computers In Society More impact than any other invention Changed work and leisure activities Used by all demographic groups Computers are important because: Provide information to users Information is critical to our society Managing information is difficult 1 A-43

Computers In Society Computers at home Many homes have multiple computers Internet is commonly available at homes Computers are used for ○ Business ○ Entertainment ○ Communication ○ Education 1 A-44

Computers In Society Computers in education Computer literacy required at all levels Computers in small business Makes businesses more profitable Allows owners to manage Computers in industry Computers are used to design products Assembly lines are automated 1 A-45

Computers In Society Computers in government Necessary to track data for population ○ Police officers ○ Tax calculation and collection Governments were the first computer users 1 A-46

Computers In Society Computers in health care Revolutionized health care New treatments possible Scheduling of patients has improved Delivery of medicine is safer 1 A-47

HOW COMPUTER BUGS LOOKS

The first computer bug Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper

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