COMPUTER CRIMES THE LAW ENFORCMENT PERSPECTIVE • BLACK HAT BRIEFINGS • SINGAPORE - 3 -4 APR 2000 By: Wilfred A Nathan Computer Forensic Branch Criminal Investigation Department Singapore Police Force
SCOPE Computer Crime Trends Definition of Computer Crime Case Studies Computer Misuse Act
INTRODUCTION Computer Crime Branch & Computer Forensic Branch IT Crime Investigation Procedures Computer Crime Prevention & Incident Management Conclusion
INTRODUCTION Computer Crimes Trend No. of reported cases relatively low Increasing trend 1993/1994 - 1 1995 - 3 1996 - 7 1997 - 37 1998 - 116 1999 - 185
INTRODUCTION Definition of Computer Crime When there is unauthorised access into a computer system in order to : Destroy data or programs Commit other offences
CASE STUDY ONE The Perfect Computer Crime System Analyst used Trojan horse program to capture colleagues password and used it to modify the Lucky Draw Program. Also gained root access whilst auditing computer system and replaced Lucky Program with fake program that allowed 3 friends to ‘win’ $485, 000
CASE STUDY TWO Crashing of Factory Computer System Disgruntled system administrator inserted logic bomb that replaced system files with damaged files during backup process. Also used another logic bomb to time backing up process while he was on holiday. Caused entire company’s system to crash and halted production lines. After his dismissal, he asked a computer illiterate colleague to crash system files.
CASE STUDY THREE Smart Card Scam Managers of Cinema Chain modified Daily Cashiers’ Reports on computer system and siphoned off cash. Also topped up used Smart cards illegally and sold them to cinema touts. Enlisted help of a computer service engineer to load program into a branch so as to further the crime.
CASE STUDY FOUR Distribution of user-ids and passwords - Two youths stole user-ids and passwords of unsuspecting users of an ISP during IRC sessions and displayed the user-ids and passwords on a web site stating that the ISP’s system security had been breached.
CASE STUDY FOUR Hacking of Television's Stations web-site Two teenagers obtained illegal access to a Television Station web-site by accident and modify several of the web pages with “hacker slogans”.
LESSONS LEARNT Lack of ò Physical Security ò Electronic Security ò Good Security Practices ò Regular System Audit ò Computer Incident Management
COMPUTER MISUSE ACT Section 3 - Unauthorised Access to Computer Section 4 Section 5 - Material Access with Intent to Commit or Facilitate Commission of Further Offence Unauthorised Modification of Contents of Computer
COMPUTER MISUSE ACT Section 6 - Unauthorised Use/Interception of Section 7 Section 8 - Computer Service Unauthorised obstruction of Use of Computer Unauthorised Disclosure of Access Code Section 9 - Enhanced punishments - Territorial Scope
CCB & CFB • Computer Crime Investigation • Computer Related Crime Investigation • Telecommunication Frauds Investigation • Training • Computer Searches • Computer Seizures • Computer Forensic Examination • Training
COMPUTER CRIME BRANCH • Head, Computer Crime Branch • OC Investigation Teams • Senior Investigators • Investigators
COMPUTER FORENSIC BRANCH • Head Computer Forensics • OC Computer Forensics Team • Computer Forensics Examiners
International Co-operation • Asian Working Party (Computer Crime) • Links with – – – – FBI, USSS AFP Hong Kong Malaysia Taiwan Sweden U. K.
COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Report Lodging What to prepare? Who should do the reporting?
COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Interviews (Facts gathering) Complainant / Victims System Administrators Customer Service Engineer Other Witnesses
COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Evidence Collection Physical evidence (eg computer system, storage media) Supporting evidence (eg system logs, caller. ID records)
COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Evidence Analysis Forensic laboratory and staff for examination of storage media Technical Support from Industry experts Vendors’ information
COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Implications of Police Investigation’ E Evidence in police custody till conclusion of the case E Commitment of time and resources E Adverse publicity
PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Setting up a Security Team Implement Preventive Measures Incident Management
PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Preventive Measures Installation and maintenance of Intrusion Detection applications, e. g. , Firewall, Intrusion Detection System Proper documentation of computer systems Conduct regular system audit Password management
PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Preventive Measures Establish links with Sing. CERT, etc Simulation Excercises Tracking software/hardware for bugs & vulnerabilities
PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Incident Management Respond swiftly Collation of essential information and facts Gathering of evidence caller id records, system access logs
PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Incident Management Ensure system and storage media not tampered document any tampering Report fast to Computer Crime Branch
CONCLUSION « Report the incident as early as possible « Record all irregularities « Do not allow anyone to meddle with the computer « Do not restore the affected system
THE END THANK YOU
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