Composition of Life forms and Biological spectrum along climatic gradient in Rajasthan, India Tastenbekova N. A. Baltabayeva A. N. Mustafina A. E.
Outline 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2. 1 Data collection and analysis 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion
Introduction • The life forms are classified on the basis of adaptation of their perennating organs to tide over • A life form of the plant is the sum of all life processes and evolved directly in response to the environment (Cain, 1950). the unfavourable conditions. • Humboldt (1886) for the first time formulated the concept of the lifeforms • Raunkiaer (1934) used it as descriptive tool for classifying plant lifeforms based on the position and degree of protection of the renewing buds
Introduction The system of life forms Raunkiaer - a system of classifying plants on the situation and how to protect the kidneys during the resumption of the adverse period (cold and dry). A Raunkiaer in 1905. Life forms of plants Raunkiaer: üphanerophytes, üchamaephytes, ü hemicryptophytes, ü cryptophytes ü therophytes. The percentage of various lifeform classes put together is called as the biological spectrum.
Introduction When working with a species list, every species has the same weightage in the biological spectrum. This is called a floristic biological spectrum (Raunkiaer, 1934; Costa et al. , 2007). However when the number of individuals, instead of species, of each life form is counted each class can be weighted by its density, giving rise to the vegetation biological spectrum, which indicates phenomena relative to the vegetation rather than to the flora (Batalha and Martins, 2002). The recent studies recommends vegetation spectrum when working at smaller scales, due to underrepresentation of therophytic population and overrepresentation of phanerophytes
Materials and Methods Rajasthan is the largest State in India, occupying an area of about 3, 42, 239 sq km nearly about 11 percent of total area of India. The total forest area of the State is 16, 036 sq km, which occupies 4. 69% of the total geographical area (FSI, 2009). Rajasthan experiences varied climatic conditions ranging from extreme aridity in the northwestern parts (Jaisalmer, Barmer) to semiarid (Ajmer, Jaipur, Alwar) to subhumid conditions in the southern parts (Mt. Abu). However, most of the state (94%) falls under arid and semiarid conditions with low and erratic rainfall patterns. Premonsoon season extends from April to June, is the hottest period, with temperatures ranging from 32 o C to 45 o C. The winter season is from January to March and temperature may drop to 0 o C in some cities of Rajasthan, like Churu.
Materials and Methods The four study sites shows great variation in climatic conditions i. e. mean annual rainfall of 200 mm to 1400 mm and elevation of 180 m to 1772 m (Table 1). Field studies were carried out in wet and dry seasons to cover the overall vegetation and species diversity during 2008 -2009. Phytosociological data was collected by laying 20 m x 20 m quadrats for tree species, 5 m x 5 m for shrubs, 1 m x 1 m for herbs and grasses. The number of sample plots were finalized in consultation with species accumulation curves and varies 100 to 175 for each site. Information of habit, habitat, flowering and fruiting period, vegetation type, the nature of perennating bodies was collected to draw a biological spectrum, following the concept of Raunkiaer (1934).
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion
Conclusion It is concluded that vegetation biological spectrum more accurately describes the vegetation physiognomy, since individuals are counted by their life form. The disadvantage of floristic biological spectrum is necessity of identification all the species present in an area and underestimation of dominant life forms. The differential pattern of rainfall appears as the most operative factor as compared to biotic factors for evaluation of biological spectrum. The present study also conclude that vegetation biological spectrum is considerable at all scales and provides a clear picture of prevailing climate.
References 1. Batalha, M. A. and Martins, F. R. 2002. Biological spectra of Cerrado sites. Flora 197, pp 452460. 2. Batalha, M. A. and Martins, F. R. 2004. Floristic, frequency and vegetation lifeform spectra of a Cerrado site. Braz. J. Biol. 64(2), pp 203209. 3. Cain, S. A. 1950. Lifeforms and phytoclimate. Bot. Rev. Claredon press, Oxford. 16(1), pp 132. 4. Costa, R. C. , Soares, A. F, Lima. Verde, L. W. 2007. Flora and lifeform spectrum in an area of deciduous thorn woodland (caatinga) in northeastern, Brazil. Journal of Arid Environments 68, pp 237– 247. 5. FSI. State of Forest Report. 2009. Government of India, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun. 6. Humboldt, A. 1806. Ideen zu einer Physiognomik der Gewechra. Tubingeon. 7. Jamir, S. A. , Upadhaya, K. and Pandey, H. N. 2006. Life form composition and stratification of montane humid forests in Meghalaya, northeast India. Trop. Ecology 47(2), pp 183190.
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