Component 1 Introduction to Health Care and Public

Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U. S. 1. 2: Unit 2: Delivering Healthcare 1. 2 d: Health Care Settings: Hospitals, Post-Acute Care , Long Term Care, and Non-Traditional Settings

Health Care Settings: Hospitals • Community Hospitals – provide convenient, high quality health care at a reasonable cost – Provide emergency room services for a community Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 2

Health Care Settings: Hospitals • Community Hospitals – Usually the largest employer in the area with wages that are equal to or exceed the state average. – Important factor in the overall health of a community Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 3

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Critical Access Hospitals – A hospital that is certified to receive cost-based reimbursement from Medicare. This is different than the normal prospective payment model of Medicare. – This reimbursement was designed to help small hospitals improve their financial performance and reduce hospital closures. – These are usually rural hospitals Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 4

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Federal Hospitals – Hospitals operated by the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Veterans Health Administration. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 5

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Long-term Hospital – Long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) furnish extended medical and rehabilitative care to individuals who are clinically complex and have multiple acute or chronic conditions. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 6

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Long-term Hospital – An LTCH must be certified as an acute care hospital that meets criteria to participate in the Medicare program and has an average inpatient length of stay greater than 25 days. As of November 2001, Medicare recognized 270 facilities as LTCHs. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 7

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Psychiatric Hospital – Psychiatric inpatient, outpatient, partial hospitalization, foster and/or home care, consultation, and education; – Hospital-based community mental health centers. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 8

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Psychiatric Hospital – Alcoholism/chemical dependency treatment inpatient, outpatient, and/or partial hospitalization; – Clinical psychology; Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 9

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Specialties Hospital • The facility provides specialized care services to patients who are critically ill, have multiple complications and/or failures that require continued hospitalization beyond the acute care setting. • Long term intensive care can also be offered by a specialty hospital Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 10

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Specialties Hospital (cont’d) • Programs include ventilator care, coma emergence, traumatic brain injury, pulmonary rehabilitation and medically complex care. Health care professionals specialize in treating a variety of conditions, ranging from injuries to the brain and spinal cord to slow-healing wounds. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 11

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Private Hospital – A hospital owned by a for-profit company or a non -profit organization and privately funded through payment for medical services by patients themselves, or by insurers. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 12

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Private Hospital – The majority of hospitals that exist in the United States today are considered private hospitals. – Conversely, the majority of hospitals that exist in the United Kingdom are run by the National Health Service. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 13

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Multi-hospital systems – In 1940, the Catholic Church operated 183 hospitals in 42 systems! – The model has growth tremendous since 1940 because healthcare has changed with reimbursement models, Medicare, Medicaid, etc. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 14

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Multi-hospital systems – Benefits include reduction of duplication of services, economies of scale, access to management expertise, improved productivity and operating efficiencies…. . Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 15

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Inpatient rehabilitation centers – In a broad sense, rehabilitation services are measures taken to promote optimum attainable levels of physical, cognitive, emotional, psychological, social, and economic usefulness, and thereafter to maintain the individual at the maximal functional level. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 16

Health Care Settings: Hospitals (cont’d) • Inpatient rehabilitation centers (cont’d) – The term is used to denote services provided in inpatient and outpatient settings, ranging from comprehensive coordinated medically based programs in specialized hospital settings to therapies offered in units of hospitals, nursing facilities, or ambulatory centers. Resources found on this site mainly focus on Medicare payment and related implementation issues. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 17

Health Care Settings: Non-Traditional Centers- School-Based Health Center • Primarily located in areas with limited access to health care services, a SBHC is like a doctor’s office inside a school. They are usually located in areas with limited access to health care services. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 18

Health Care Settings: Non-Traditional Centers- School-Based Health Center • A SBHC fulfills three functions in a school: – 1. Primary care and preventive health services including (a) comprehensive physical examinations; (b) immunizations; (c) TB testing; and d) screening, diagnosis, and treatment of medical conditions. – 2. First aid care to all students registered in the building – 3. Emergency care to anyone in need on school premises. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 19

Health Care Settings: Non-Traditional Centers- Day Hospitals (cont’d) • Day hospitals provide a broad range of skilled-nursing services, including injections, chemotherapy, and intensive rehabilitation. Most day hospital programs are housed in chronic-care hospitals or rehabilitation centers. This allows the health care provider to take advantage of in-house professional expertise and resources, while allowing the patient to return home for the evening. Services are covered under Medicare, with requirements similar to those of home health care. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 20

Summary • There are many types of facilities that provide health care services to people • These facilities range from outpatient clinics to hospitals to non-traditional types of institutions. • The institutions mentioned in this section is a sampling of the types of institutions providing health care, but is not an exhaustive listing. • Contrary to the popular belief that there is no national healthcare in the US, the federal government spends billions of dollars providing “free” healthcare to specific populations. Component 1/Unit 2 d Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1. 0/Fall 2010 21

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