Comparison of Four Fuel Cell Battery Hybrid Powertrains in Bus Applications NHA Annual Hydrogen Conference 2008 Kevin Harris Business Development & Sale Director, North America, Hydrogen Power Systems Hydrogenics Corporation
Agenda § Introduction to Hydrogenics § Why Fuel Cells in Transit Buses § Challenges § Four Types Fuel Cell Hybrid Buses § Conclusion
Hydrogenics Profile NASDAQ: HYGS TSX: HYG §Two business units ►On. Site Generation ►Power Systems § 1, 600+ hydrogen products deployed worldwide since 1948 Head Office - Toronto, Canada § 84 patents held and 459 patents filed §Headquartered in Toronto, Canada
Our Strategic Focus Hydrogenics offers a comprehensive suite of products through two complementary business units STRATEGY On. Site Generation § Grow industrial markets § Transition products and expertise to emerging energy markets Power Systems § Target early adopting markets with certified products § Continue to seed ‘later to emerge’ markets
Blue Chip Customer Base § Over 100 + customers worldwide
Hy. PM Power Module Family Hy. PM HD Mobility Power Modules Hy. PM XR Backup Power Modules XR 4 Power (k. W) 4. 5 Voltage Range (VDC) 30 -38 Max. Current (A) 150 Dimensions (cm) 87 x 50 x 32 XR 8 8. 5 24 -38 350 87 x 50 x 32 XR 12 HD 4 HD 8 12. 5 4. 5 8. 5 12. 5 16. 5 37 -57 58 -79 48 -79 36 -57 48 -76 350 80 180 96 x 50 x 32 Volume (L) 139 154 Mass (kg) 80 80 90 Zero 85 x 36 x 25 Humidification Partial 350 HD 16 HD 65 350 85 x 36 x 25 94 x 45 x 30 96 x 51 x 41 77 75 HD 12 77 75 Partial 127 78 Partial 65. 5 218 -305 300 87 x 50 x 32 201 578 115 321 Partial Full
Hydrogenics Fuel Cell Products Example Applications § Fuel Cell Power Modules ► Hy. PM XR (for backup power) and ► Hy. PM HD (for mobility power) § Fuel Cell Power Packs, Hy. PX
Fuel Cell Power Module Applications
Why Fuel Cells in Buses? § Urban air quality § Climate change § Energy security § Centralized refueling § Space for fuel storage § Community involvement, public education, § § and marketing Noise issues Government controlled or influenced
Challenges of Fuel Cell Buses § Capital cost § Reliability and durability of the fuel cells § Refueling time § Current cost of hydrogen
Fuel Cell Hybrid Buses NRCan Bus HCATT Bus NRW Midibus FTA/CARB Bus
Fuel Cell Hybrid Buses Bus Project NRCan Hybrid Bus HCATT Hybrid Bus NRW Hybrid Midibus FTA/CARB Hybrid Buses Powertrain architecture Fuel Cell Dominant Hybrid Battery Dominant Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid (BDFCPH) Fuel Cell– Battery Balanced Hybrid Battery Dominant Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid (BDFCPH) Bus make New Flyer El. Dorado Tecnobus Mobile Energy Solutions Length of bus (ft) 40 30 17 35 No. of seats 34 23 8 37 Top speed (mph) 60 60 20 60 Demonstration site and start date Winnipeg, MB August 2006 Honolulu, HI Feb 2004 NRW, Germany Dec 2005 Columbia, SC Summer 2008, Burbank, CA Fall 2008
Fuel Cell Hybrid Buses Bus Project NRCan Hybrid Bus HCATT Hybrid Bus NRW Hybrid Midibus FTA/CARB Hybrid Buses Power of fuel cell system (k. W) 180 20 12 32 Size of motor, continuous power rating (k. W) 170 120 25 123 Amount of on-board hydrogen (kg) 45 10 6 29 Range (miles) 250 125 300 (est’d) Type of on-board electrical energy storage Ultracapacitor Lead Acid Batteries Nickel Cadmium Batteries Lithium Titanate Batteries rechargeable No Yes from grid power, i. e. Plug-in hybrid
Levels of “Hybridity” 100%+ 97% 20 / 120 17% 78% 12 / 25 48% 91% 32 / 150 21% 79% Plug-in hybrid 180 / 170 Plug-in hybrid Examples Fuel Cell Pwr / Motor Rated Pwr Fuel Cell Power as a Percentage of Motor Power Hydrogen (k. Whe) as a Percentage of Total k. Whe cap.
Benefits of BDFCPH Architecture § Opportunity to recharge batteries directly § § § from grid power Reduction of cost of development of the fuel cell power module Reduction of the capital cost of the bus Reduction of the fueling costs A smaller fuel cell means less hydrogen Steadier state load on the fuel cell
An Opportunity to Beat Diesel § Calculations have shown that under the right circumstances a BDFCPH bus can beat a standard diesel bus on an life cycle analysis Parameter Assumption Lifetime of fuel cell stack 10, 000 (operating hours) Price of fuel cell power module ($/k. W) 1000 Battery life (years) 5 Price of battery ($/k. Wh) 300 Diesel price ($/gal) 4. 25 Hydrogen price ($/kg) 4. 50 Cost of Electricity ($/k. Wh) 0. 10 Bus lifecycle (years) 12
Conclusions § We believe that a BDFCPH architecture § makes most sense in terms of commercializing a practical, affordable, zero-emission bus The BDFCPH architecture uses the best of both worlds ► Batteries for peak power needs and recapture of braking energy ► Hydrogen and fuel cells to meet range requirements
Find out more about us…. . www. hydrogenics. com Thank you Kevin Harris 661 -253 -2593 kharris@hydrogenics. com Hydrogenics Corporation
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