COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES AND MAKING COMPARISONS “Keep

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES AND MAKING COMPARISONS “Keep in Touch”, 2014
WHAT DEGREES OF COMPARISON DO ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS HAVE? Comparative Degree clever – cleverer
COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a comparative degree by
COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a comparative
COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their comparative degrees with
COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS When we compare something / somebody with something
COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has
SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a superlative degree by
SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a superlative
SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their superlative degrees with
SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has
DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) GOOD – BETTER – THE BEST (хороший – лучше –
DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) 1) angrier / the angriest angry злой – более злой
To be continued… 
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>COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES AND MAKING COMPARISONS “Keep in Touch”, 2014 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES AND MAKING COMPARISONS “Keep in Touch”, 2014

>WHAT DEGREES OF COMPARISON DO ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS HAVE? Comparative Degree clever – cleverer WHAT DEGREES OF COMPARISON DO ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS HAVE? Comparative Degree clever – cleverer beautiful – more beautiful fast – faster slowly – more slowly Superlative Degree clever – (the) cleverest beautiful – (the) most beautiful fast – (the) fastest) slowly – (the) most slowly So, let’s consider each of them in detail!

>COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a comparative degree by COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a comparative degree by means of the suffix “er”; b) One-syllable adverbs that do not have the suffix “ly” form a comparative degree by means of the suffix “er” e.g. calm (спокойный) – calmer (спокойнее / более спокойный); thin (худой) – thinner (более худой); hard (упорно, настойчиво) – harder (упорнее, настойчивее); fast (быстро) – faster (быстрее) Let’s do an exercise! CLEAN (ЧИСТЫЙ) CLEANER (ЧИЩЕ, БОЛЕЕ ЧИСТЫЙ) BRIGHT (ЯРКО) BRIGHTER (ЯРЧЕ, БОЛЕЕ ЯРКО) FAT (ТОЛСТЫЙ) FATTER (ТОЛЩЕ, БОЛЕЕ ТОЛСТЫЙ) DEEP (ГЛУБОКО) DEEPER (ГЛУБЖЕ, БОЛЕЕ ГЛУБОКО) SMART (УМНЫЙ) SMARTER (УМНЕЕ, БОЛЕЕ УМНЫЙ)

>COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a comparative COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a comparative degree by means of the suffix “er” (“y” transforms into “i”); e.g. busy (занятой) – busier (более занятой); easy (легкий) – easier (более легкий); Let’s do an exercise! TINY (КРОШЕЧНЫЙ) TINIER (МЕНЬШЕ) COZY (УЮТНЫЙ) COZIER (УЮТНЕЕ) LAZY (ЛЕНИВЫЙ) LAZIER (БОЛЕЕ ЛЕНИВЫЙ) FIZZY (ШИПУЧИЙ) FIZZIER (БОЛЕЕ ШИПУЧИЙ) FOXY (ХИТРЫЙ) FOXIER (ХИТРЕЕ, БОЛЕЕ ХИТРЫЙ)

>COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their comparative degrees with COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their comparative degrees with the help of the word “more” (other two-syllable adjectives which are not case 2) from the previous slide comply with the same rule in most cases) b) All adverbs, ending in “ly”, form their comparative degrees by means of the word “more” no matter how many syllables they have! e.g. comfortable (удобный) – more comfortable (более удобный); quickly (быстро) – more quickly (быстрее); Let’s do an exercise! Beautiful (красивый) More beautiful (более красивый) Slowly (медленно) More slowly (медленнее) Fabulous (роскошный) More fabulous (более роскошный) Seriously (серьезно) More seriously (более серьезно) Expensive (дорогой) More expensive (более дорогой)

>COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS When we compare something / somebody with something COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS When we compare something / somebody with something / somebody else, we use the conjunction “than” («чем»). Rule 1: in case of “he, she, it, they” we repeat the verb of the sentence: e.g. I have more English books than she has. She is taller than he is. Peter reads better than they do. Rule 2: in case of “I, we, you” we needn’t repeat the verb of the sentence: e.g. He is shorter than I (= than me). My friend is cleverer than you. Let’s do an exercise! It is (dark) … outside at this time than it was in the summer. It is darker outside at this time than it was in the summer. My classmates do homework (carefully) … than yours. My classmates do homework more carefully than yours. She is (deliberate) … than I. She is more deliberate than I.

>COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has a slighter degree of its / their quality, we use “less” (“менее”) for all adjectives and adverbs! e.g. quick (быстрый) – less quick (менее быстрый) lucky (удачный) – less lucky (менее удачный) interesting (интересный) – less interesting (менее интересный) surprisingly (удивительно) – less surprisingly (менее удиви- тельно) convincingly (убедительно) – less convincingly (менее убеди- тельно) Let’s do an exercise! He plays the guitar (carefully) … than his sister (does). He plays the guitar less carefully than his sister does. She finds him (handsome) … than his elder brother. She finds him less handsome than his brother. Peter is no doubt (obstinate) … . Peter is no doubt less obstinate.

>SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a superlative degree by SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) One-syllable adjectives form a superlative degree by means of the suffix “est”; b) One-syllable adverbs that do not have the suffix “ly” form a superlative degree by means of the suffix “est” e.g. calm (спокойный) – (the) calmest (самый спокойный); thin (худой) – (the) thinnest (самый худой); hard (упорно, настойчиво) – (the) hardest (упорнее всех); fast (быстро) – (the) fastest (быстрее всех) Let’s do an exercise! CLEAN (ЧИСТЫЙ) (the) CLEANEST (САМЫЙ ЧИСТЫЙ) BRIGHT (ЯРКО) (the) BRIGHTEST (ЯРЧЕ ВСЕГО (ВСЕХ)) FAT (ТОЛСТЫЙ) (the) FATTEST (САМЫЙ ТОЛСТЫЙ) DEEP (ГЛУБОКО) (the) DEEPEST (ГЛУБЖЕ ВСЕГО) SMART (УМНЫЙ) (the) SMARTEST (САМЫЙ УМНЫЙ)

>SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a superlative SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Two-syllable adjectives, ending in “y”, form a superlative degree by means of the suffix “est” (“y” transforms into “i”); e.g. busy (занятой) – (the) busiest (самый занятой); easy (легкий) – (the) easiest (самый легкий); Let’s do an exercise! TINY (КРОШЕЧНЫЙ) (the) TINIEST (САМЫЙ КРОШЕЧНЫЙ) COZY (УЮТНЫЙ) (the) COZIEST (САМЫЙ УЮТНЫЙ) LAZY (ЛЕНИВЫЙ) (the) LAZIEST (САМЫЙ ЛЕНИВЫЙ) FIZZY (ШИПУЧИЙ) (the) FIZZIEST (САМЫЙ ШИПУЧИЙ) FOXY (ХИТРЫЙ) (the) FOXIEST (САМЫЙ ХИТРЫЙ)

>SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their superlative degrees with SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS a) Multi-syllable adjectives form their superlative degrees with the help of the word “most” (other two-syllable adjectives which are not case 2) from the previous slide comply with the same rule in most cases) b) All adverbs, ending in “ly”, form their superlative degrees by means of the word “most” no matter how many syllables they have! e.g. comfortable (удобный) – (the) most comfortable (самый удобный); quickly (быстро) – (the) most quickly (быстрее всех); Let’s do an exercise! Beautiful (красивый) (the) Most beautiful (самый красивый) Slowly (медленно) (the) Most slowly (медленнее всех) Fabulous (роскошный) (the) Most fabulous (самый роскошный) Seriously (серьезно) (the) Most seriously (серьезнее всех) Expensive (дорогой) (the) Most expensive (самый дорогой)

>SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has SUPERLATIVE DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS If we say that something / somebody has the slightest degree of its / their quality, we use “(the) least” (“наименее”) for all adjectives and adverbs! e.g. quick (быстрый) – (the) least quick (наименее быстрый) lucky (удачный) – (the) least lucky (наименее удачный) interesting (интересный) – (the) least interesting (наименее интересный) surprisingly (удивительно) – (the) least surprisingly (наименее удивительно) convincingly (убедительно) – (the) least convincingly (наименее убедительно) Let’s do an exercise! She finds him (handsome) … of them all! She finds him the least handsome of them all. Peter is no doubt (obstinate) … . Peter is no doubt the least obstinate.

>DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) GOOD – BETTER – THE BEST (хороший – лучше – DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) GOOD – BETTER – THE BEST (хороший – лучше – лучший); BAD – WORSE – THE WORST (плохой – хуже – худший); LITTLE – LESS – THE LEAST (маленький – меньше – наименьший); WELL – BETTER – THE BEST (хорошо – лучше – лучше всего (всех)); BADLY – WORSE – THE WORST (плохо – хуже – хуже всего (всех)); MUCH – MORE – THE MOST (много – больше – больше всего (всех)); FAR – 1) FARTHER / THE FARTHERST (далекий – дальше / самый далекий); 2) FURTHER / THE FURTHERST (дальнейший (дополнительный) / самый далекий (о расстоянии)); NEAR – 1) NEARER / THE NEAREST (близкий – ближе / самый близкий (о расстоянии)); 2) NEXT / THE NEAREST (a) следующий (по порядку); b) будущий (по времени) / самый близкий (по времени)) LATE – 1) LATER / THE LATEST (поздний – более поздний / последний (по времени появления) 2) LATTER / THE LAST (второй (из двух перечисленных) / a) последний (по порядку) b) прошлый (по времени)

>DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) 1) angrier / the angriest angry злой – более злой DEGREES OF COMPARISON (EXCEPTIONS) 1) angrier / the angriest angry злой – более злой – самый злой 2) more angry / the most angry 1) cleverer / the cleverest clever умный – умнее – самый умный 2) more clever / the most clever 1) commoner / the commonest common распространенный – более распространенный - менее распространенный 2) more common / the most common 1) crueler / the cruelest cruel жестокий – более жестокий – менее жестокий 2) more cruel / the most cruel 1) friendlier / the friendliest friendly дружелюбный – более дружелюбный – менее дружелюбный 2) more friendly / the most friendly

>To be continued…  To be continued… 