Community Capability Building for Post 9/11 Terrorism Preparedness Frances Edwards, Ph. D. , CEM Director, City of San Jose OES/MMTF Vice Chair, Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation, San Jose State University 1
Honoring the Memory • Ray Downey • Jack Fanning – Chief officers of FDNY who gave their lives at the World Trade Center Command Post, September 11, 2001 2
Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1950’s Civil Defense • 1960’s Natural disasters • 1970’s Three Mile Island – – Threat analysis and risk assessment Community education for emergency preparedness Continuity planning for the government organization Generally male, former military 3
Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1980’s All Hazards – – – Emergency Management Institute FEMA Independent Study courses FEMA Professional Development Series Professional certification - CEM Academic centers • • • U Delaware U Southern California U Colorado, Boulder NSF Quick Response Grants Certificate programs in UC system 4
Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1990’s multiple natural hazard catastrophic events – Oakland Hills Firestorm: SEMS – Hurricane Andrew: insurance surcharge, professional EM for every county – Midwest flooding: FEMA FRP & ESF’s – Northridge Earthquake: 800 number – Western flooding – Droughts 5
Terrorism • 1993 World Trade Center • 1995 Tokyo Sarin attack • 1995 Murrah Building bombing – Domestic Preparedness Program • DOD, DHHS, DOJ, FEMA, EPA, DOE – 122 largest cities – no sustainment funding – New level of knowledge: NBC weapons, medical issues • PETA • ELF • Y 2 K millenial, militia, Seattle/LAX 6
World Trade Center, 9/11/01 • • • Activated MMTF, DMATs, USARs, Search Dogs Deployed National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Media intensive- interviews in TV, radio, print Elected officials’ briefings Public presentations on preparedness: Rotary, Kiwanis, TV/Radio talk shows, educational administrators (k-12 and university) • Cross over from pure law enforcement to emergency management: MCI & crime scene 7
After 9/11: New Mission • Facilitator for cross departmental terrorism response planning – Fire, Police, EMS – original MMTF partners – Public Works, General Services, IT • Recommend security changes for public organizations: badges, CAN, new entrances, security guards 8
Capability After 9/11 • Understand the work of government departments, relationships • Work with elected officials • Appreciate the difficulty of raising revenue • Legal issues • Community: languages, ethnicities, age, wealth, educational levels, economic base 9
Capability After 9/11 • Skills – – Good writing Research ability including Internet Critical thinking Intellectual curiosity • Traits – Flexible personal styles – Flexible leadership styles – Sensitivity to others 10
Capability After 9/11 • Multiple relationships – Media – Government leaders – Community members • Inspire • Inform • Motivate 11
Who do we hire? • Traits – Enthusiasm – Stamina – Courage • Education – Broad liberal arts background: political science, public administration, journalism, social science • Competency will develop over time through experience and mentoring 12
Growing the emergency manager of the 21 st century • Academics, practitioners, professional organizations – Mentoring – Internships – Student members • ASPA SECM • IAEM 13
Key to community safety • Emergency managers will never be the heroes, but they are the lynchpins that hold the community together through every disaster. 14
Speaker Contact Information • Frances Edwards-Winslow, Ph. D. , CEM • Director, City of San Jose Office of Emergency Services: www. ci. san-jose. ca. us/oes. htm • Director, San Jose Metropolitan Medical Task Force • 855 N. San Pedro Street, San Jose, 95110 • 408 -277 -4595; frances. winslow@ci. sj. ca. us 15
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