COMMUNICATIVE PHONETICS CONTENTS Language interference Phonetic

COMMUNICATIVE PHONETICS CONTENTS: § Language interference. Phonetic & phonological mistakes in pronunciation. § The segmentation of oral speech. Text and discourse.

Language interference is the process of superimposition of the systems and structures of one language onto the systems and structures of the other language. Phonetic interference is the transfer of the pronunciation and prosody of one language onto the pronunciation and prosody of the other language.

Phonetic & phonological mistakes in pronunciation Acc. to their relation to meaning, errors in pronunciation are of 2 types: 1)a phonetic mistake; 2) a phonological mistake.

A phonetic mistake occurs when an allophone of one phoneme is replaced by another allophone of the same phoneme; it affects non-distinctive (irrelevant) articulatory features, so it does not affect the meaning. Ex. : the glide of the English diphthong [ai] is too strong: and sounds like Russian [ай]; correction: prolong the nucleus, make the glide weaker;

A phonological mistake – occurs when the allophone of one phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme; it affects distinctive or relevant features, i. e. it affects the meaning and leads to misunderstanding; Ex. : complete devoicing of the final English voiced consonants: blue eyes [z] blue ice [s]; correction: make the sound partially voiced, but rather weak.

The segmentation of oral speech It is the division of speech into smaller sections and elements: Discourse Text Phonopassage Phrase Intonation group Rhythmic group Word(form) Syllable Phoneme & allophone

§ Discourse: 1) speech used by members of a language community in their social interaction; 2) a linguistic unit (e. g. : a conversation or a story) larger than a sentence; 3) a verbal interchange of ideas; § Text: a stretch of spoken language with a definable communicative function; § Phonopassage/supraphrasal unit: a brief portion of speech relevant to the point being discussed;

§ Phrase: a word or a group of words with a single speech function; § Intonation group: a syntagm unified by the pattern of intonation; § Rhythmic group: a speech segment of a stressed syllable with the attached preceding/following unstressed syllables;

§ Word(form): an element of speech that can stand alone as a complete utterance, separated by pauses in speech; § Syllable: an element of speech that consists of a vowel / syllabic / vowel+consonant combination; § Phoneme and allophone: the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language; a variant of a phoneme.

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