Committee for Natural Use Environmental protection and Ecological

Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg «Krasny Bor Landfill» : Current activities and prospects of development PRESSURE 5 -2016 Warsaw, Poland, 26. 10. 2016 St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Remediation of the area Urgent measures Protection of reservoirs from atmospheric precipitation Lowering of liquid waste level in reservoirs Construction of the membrane Construction of local wastewater treatment facilities Monitoring of operations at the company Surveying Remediation Selection of remediation methods, development of the To. R for surveying activities Site surveying for the development of the design Designing Construction monitoring Construction Postremediation monitoring for Nature Use, Environmental Protection and Ecological Safety Committee St. Petersburg SUEE “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Urgent measures ü Covering the reservoirs ! Target: protection from atmospheric precipitation, prevention of evaporation and fire risk ü Increasing the reservoir capacity Target: reduction of the risk of overfilling ü Construction of wastewater treatment facilities Target: lowering the level of liquid in reservoirs; treatment of the surface water discharge ü Dredging of the bypass channel and interior drainage Target: increase of the flow capacity; mitigation of the secondary water pollute ü Reconstruction of security system Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Protection from atmospheric precipitation 1. Construction of tanks Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Protection from atmospheric precipitation Ø The coverage technology implies manufacturing and installation of a system of pontoons with impermeable coating (geomembrane) on the surface of reservoirs, installation of pumping and water-drain equipment. Ø By now over 90% of the mirror area of reservoir No. 68 has been covered with pontoons. All covering work will be completed by the end of 2016. Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Answers to inquiry 7 -8 Questions 7 -8 item 2 Answers What were the reasons to choose ‘pontoons’ technology to cover the pits in comparison to alternative technologies (if any other were considered)? Scenarios of risk reduction by pumping, construction of fixed roof and two types of screens were evaluated. As a result of discussion, the Scientific and Technical Council approved the pontoon option Could the results of engineering and environmental impact assessment of the chosen technology be made public? Engineering and environmental impact assessment was not implemented because according to the Russian Law only construction activities are subject to environmental impact assessment. Installation of membrane screens is not construction activity Was the composition of the pits The composition of the liquid waste is analyzed and tested prior to constantly monitored. Data for the covered deployment of pontoons? If yes, could reservoir is given in the next slide. it be made public? Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Composition of liquid waste in reservoirs 64 and 68, mg/kg Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Dredging of the drainage network • Complete dredging of the interior drainage network and bypass channel has been implemented • Polluted sludge is stored in the waste storage area Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Increasing the capacity of reservoirs • Removal of solid fraction from reservoir 64 • Liquid levels in reservoirs 68 and 64 have been equalized • 2 temporary reserve pits have been arranged Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Answers to inquiry 7 -8 Inquiry 7 -8 item 3 Answers Were there any alternatives considered instead of making new pits for relocation and temporary storage of toxic wastes? No alternatives exist in our opinion Could the results of engineering and environmental impact assessment of this project be made public? Engineering and environmental impact assessment was not implemented. It was an emergency activity, based on the workplan of accident preventing activities adopted by regional emergency authorities. According to the Russian Law urgent anti-accident activities are not subject to environmental impact assessment. Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Development of local wastewater treatment facilities • To. R for the design of local wastewater treatment facilities were developed • Tender held • As a result of the tender the JSC RAOPROJECT was contracted for survey and design activities • RAOPROJECT has started the activities due to be completed by the end of 2016 • Surveys are carried out • Technical state of buildings and constructions is being assessed • Concept of 4 wastewater treatment lines is being developed Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Answer to the inquiry 7 -8 Item 4. Answer How sufficient is the expertise of RAOPROEKT, the company that was selected as winning the tender, to develop the project of water treatment facilities for the landfill? According to the law, the agent was selected based on the tender. RAOPROJECT was the best to respond all requirements and conditions of the tender. Cancellation of the contract is possible only in case they fail to fulfil the contract conditions and requirements. What are the qualitative (treatment efficiency) performance indicators for water treatment plants you set? Based on different composition and concentration of pollutants, 4 treatment lines are foreseen: • For reservoir 64, 10 m 3/hour capacity • For reservoir 68, 5 m 3/hour capacity • For polluted surface wastewater (interior channel), 20 m 3/hour • For conditionally “clean” surface wastewater (bypass channel), - 30 m 3/hour After the treatment the concentrations of basic pollutants should not exceed the permits Please provide the information At present the wastewater treatment facilities are about current level of wasteoperating in pilot regime. Results of treatment monitoring /stormwater treatment (as promised are given below. at HOD 50 -2016) Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Efficiency of wastewater facility Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Roadmap of remediation project 2017 2018 -2019 2020 2021 -2025 -…. • Change of legal form of the company into the State Budgetary Institution • Examination of the Landfill area with the full complex of engineering survey • Development of project documentation • Obtaining of positive conclusion of the State Expert Assessment • Remediation activities in accordance with the developed project documentation • Postremediation monitoring of the site Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

European principles of development of remediation workplans • Implemented by a crossdisciplinary group • Selection of the best available technology • Public involvement Implementation of the principles • An interdisciplinary scientific and technical council was established • All possible technologies considered • Environmental NGOs and mass media are represented in scientific and technical council Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Development of remediation plans • A decision on closing of operations at the landfill and beginning of remediation measures was made • Possible remediation technologies were assessed and most relevant scenarios were selected • To. R for integrated survey was developed Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

The stages of development of the rehabilitation Plan Develop a list of scenarios of rehabilitation The definition of conceptual solutions and list of possible scenarios The collection and analysis of data Identify gaps and deficiencies data Detailed surveys The development of the research program taking into account information gaps on the site Receiving data to select the best rehabilitation technology The choice of rehabilitation scenario Selection and justification of optimal rehabilitation scenario Coordination and adopted with all stakeholders Development of the rehabilitation Project Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Landfill remediation Via removal and treatment of accumulated waste + In the long view an area is obtained, which is suitable for any kind of use - A need in construction of a plant and its 30 -50 year-long operation Environmental impact during the operation of the plant A need in urgent measures remains Expenditures of over 50 bln RUB Via immobilization and conservation + Elimination of accumulated damage goes 10 times faster Minimum environmental impact during implementation Less expenditures (5 bln RUB) - A need in longterm monitoring Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Characteristics of the remediation site Over 1. 5 mln tons of industrial toxic waste have been accumulated during the operation period, including 800 thous. tons liquid waste. Total area 67, 4 ha Taking into consideration the secondary pollution , the amount of polluted Area of matter is more then 5 mln tons. 46, 7 ha solid the waste storage Number of closed reservoirs Mass of hazardous waste Note: Ekokem Oy Ab (Finland) treats 120 thous. tons Amount of seconadarily polluted soil annually. >60 >1. 5 mln t 2. 8 mln m 3 With this capacity it would need 42 -year-long operation to decontaminate the Limitations ofwaste accumulated at Krasny Bor thermal methods the remediation technology No selection Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Optional scenarios of conservation of the Landfill Conservation of buildings and constructions, • Min expenditures safety measures for hydraulic facilities, • Min time of performance rehabilitation of the storage area • Further use of constructions possible А Demolition of constructions and hydraulic • Providing of conservation of facilities of the company; construction of a accumulated damage wall in the ground around the waste • Use of construction waste for storage area stabilization of liquid waste • Demolition of existing В constructions Demolition of all facilities of the company; • Max expenditure construction of a wall in the ground around • Max time of performance the landfill; removal and disposal of polluted • Elimination of secondary bottom sludge from the channel and pollution risks polluted soil at the border of the landfill С Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Lacking information for the development of the project for conservation/remediation of the landfill ü No final assessment of neotectonic conditions, which would confirm or deny the presence of tectonic channels with intensive discharge of liquid waste in the environment ü Insufficient information on the hydrology of the area and hydrogeological conditions. No numerical model of pollutant migration in normal and emergency situations ü No detailed assessment of the chemical composition of liquid waste at different depths, which is needed for the development of technology of treatment/immobilization Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Conclusion For 2 yeas the company does not accept waste and is carrying out activities to decrease the environmental risks The process of conservation/remediation of the landfill has been started, and will be completed by the end of 2025. Based on the amount of accumulated waste, secondarily polluted media, high complication of the component composition, limitations in selection of methods, the conservation of the landfill is planned, including decontamination of part of the waste and polluted water and soil. Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”

Committee for Natural Use, Environmental protection and Ecological Safety, the Government of St. Petersburg State Unitary Environmental Enterprise “Krasny Bor” Landfill”