Committee D 30 on Composite Materials Current Work

Committee D 30 on Composite Materials Current Work in Standard Test Methods Development Carl Rousseau, D 30 Chairman (LM Aero) Adam Sawicki, D 30 Vice-Chairman (Boeing) Jen Rodgers, D 30 Staff Mgr (ASTM)

Outline § § § § ASTM D 30 Overview and Overall Objective D 30 Organization ASTM Process Description D 30 Standards Summary New Standards – 2005 to 2009 Current Work Items Future Objectives Relationships 2

ASTM International Fast Facts § Formed in 1898 § World-Wide Development of Voluntary, Full. Consensus Standards for Materials, Products, Systems & Services § 12, 000 Standards Developed by 138 Technical Committees are Administered, Published, and Distributed by ASTM International § Over 32, 500 Members from 125 Countries Participate on ASTM Committees § ASTM Standards are Living Documents, Continually Revised to Meet Stakeholder Needs, Reflecting Current Technology Each member – not a company or country – gets a vote 3

Committee D 30 on Composite Materials Committee D 30 formed in 1964 (with heritage to the early ‘ 50 s) out of Committee D 20 on Plastics Current (2009) D 30 Scope “The Committee will develop standard test methods, practices, terminology, and guides; sponsor symposia; stimulate research; and exchange technical information pertaining to composite materials (primarily those with fibrous reinforcement), as well as to reinforcing fibers with a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa (3 Msi). This Committee will not develop standard specifications. ” D 30 Objective A complete, effective, and coordinated suite of testing standards for composites 4

D 30 Committee Membership n n n OEMs Testing Laboratories Material Suppliers Component Fabricators Academic & Research Institutions Government and Certification Agencies n n n US Army, Air Force, Navy, NASA FAA, CAA NIST, non-US standards groups 5

ASTM Technical Committee Organization MAIN COMMITTEE Subcommittee. 01 Subcommittee. 02 Technical Committees form to address specific industry issues. They develop scopes to define their jurisdiction. Subcommittees are established to address subsets Subcommittee of specialized subject matter. 03 under the scope of the Main Committee. Subcommittees further Task Group organize their expertise into small Task Groups. 1 2 This is the level at which documents are first The 138 Technical Committees, 2, 000+ developed and are Subcommittees, & thousands more Task Groups subsequently revised. produce 1, 200 drafts, or revisions to drafts, annually. 6

D 30 Committee Organization n n D 30. 01 Editorial and Resource Standards D 30. 02 Research and Mechanics n D 30. 02. 03 Test Method Reconstruction n D 30. 02. 04 Interlaminar Fracture Analysis Benchmarking D 30. 03 Constituent/Precursor Properties D 30. 04 Lamina and Laminate Test Methods D 30. 05 Structural Test Methods n n D 30. 05. 01 Civil and Marine D 30. 06 Interlaminar Properties D 30. 09 Sandwich Construction D 30. 90 Executive n n n D 30. 91 Planning D 30. 92 Awards D 30. 94 Technical Specialists 7

ASTM International Balloting Process COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS (COS) MAIN COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE TASK GROUP 4) As a final check, a standing committee (COS) of the ASTM Board of Directors reviews the process by which each standard is developed or revised, to ensure compliance with ASTM regulations. 3) After S/C approval the Main Committee votes. If approved it is presented to the Committee on Standards for final review. Otherwise it returns to the Task Group for re-work & balloting is repeated. 2) A completed draft is voted on by the Subcommittee. If approved, it moves to a Main Committee vote. If not, it returns to the Task Group for re-drafting. 1) Starting Point. Documents are drafted, and continually revised, in the Task Group by a few members who specialize in the subject matter. This is where the bulk of the activity occurs. 8

D 30 Standards Breakdown, 2009 Subcommittee Standards No. Name Published Draft D 30. 01 Resource Standards 6 0 D 30. 02 Research and Mechanics NA NA D 30. 03 Constituent/Precursor Properties 8 0 D 30. 04 Lamina/Laminate Test Methods 20 3 D 30. 05 Structural Test Methods 13 6 D 30. 06 Interlaminar Properties 5 1 D 30. 09 Sandwich Construction 20 4 72 13 Total 9

2009 D 30 Standards Summary (with most pre-existing standards updated) Constituent Fiber Tension Fiber Density Tow Density Fiber Content Resin Content Volatiles Content Fiber Areal Weight Core Density Core Thickness Core Shear Core Compression Core Shear Fatigue Core Water Absorption (and more) Lamina(te) Structure Other Tension Open-Hole Tension Terminology Compression Open-Hole Compression Fabrication Practice Shear Filled-Hole Tension Orientation Code Unnotched Fatigue Filled-Hole Compression General Test Guide Short-Beam Strength Bearing Textile Test Guide Flexure Response Bearing-Bypass Interaction Database Records Fiber Volume Bearing Fatigue Mode I Fracture Damage Impact Resistance Mixed-Mode Fracture Residual Strength After Damage Mode I Fracture Fatigue Sandwich Beam Flexure Ply Thickness Sandwich Panel Flexure Moisture Absorption Sandwich Flexure/Creep Glass Transition Fastener Pull-Through (and more) 10

D 4762 –Gateway to D 30 Standards Standard Guide to Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials – The major 2004 revision now briefly summarizes the scope, advantages, and disadvantages of related D 30 standards, as well as other commonly referenced related standards of other ASTM committees. – An aid in education and selection of appropriate standards for use with advanced composite materials – 2008 update has been published, includes information on standards published 2004 -07 11

2005 -09: New D 30 Standards D 7078/D 7078 M: Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Rail Shear Method D 7136/D 7136 M: Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event D 7137/D 7137 M: Test Method for Compression Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates D 7205/D 7205 M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars D 7248/D 7248 M: Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates Using 2 -Fastener Specimens D 7249/D 7249 M: Test Method for Facing Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure D 7250/D 7250 M: Practice for Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural and Shear Stiffness D 7264/D 7264 M: Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications D 7291/D 7291 M: Test Method for Through-Thickness "Flatwise" Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material D 7332/D 7332 M: Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite D 7336/D 7336 M: Test Method for Static Energy Absorption Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Core Materials D 7337/D 7337 M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars 12

2005 -09: New D 30 Standards (cont) D 7028: Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) D 7522/D 7522 M: Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate 13

Recent Efforts: Updates C 271/C 271 M: Core Density C 272: Sandwich Water Absorption C 273/C 273 M: Sandwich Shear 9 D 30. 09 standards C 274: Sandwich Terminology updated to standard C 297/C 297 M: Sandwich Flatwise Tension Strength D 30 format to C 363/C 363 M: Honeycomb Core Node Tensile Strength improve consistency. C 364/C 364 M: Sandwich Edgewise Compression Strength C 365/C 365 M: Core Compressive Properties C 366/C 366 M: Core Thickness Measurement C 393/C 393 M: Sandwich Core Properties by Long Beam Flexure C 394: Sandwich Shear Fatigue C 480: Sandwich Flexural Creep C 481: Sandwich Laboratory Aging D 6416/D 6416 M: Sandwich 2 D Plate Flexure Properties D 6772: Core Dimensional Stability D 6790: Core Poisson’s Ratio D 7249/D 7249 M: Sandwich Facing Properties by Long Beam Flexure D 7250/D 7250 M: Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural & Shear Stiffness D 7336/D 7336 M: Honeycomb Core Static Energy Absorption F 1645/F 1645 M: Honeycomb Core Water Migration 14

Recent Efforts: Sandwich Long Beam Flexure Standards In 2006, C 393 -00 was replaced with 3 standards: C 393: core shear stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method) – 3 -point loading configuration is standard; alternative configurations retained for historical continuity. – Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote core shear failure. D 7249: facing stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method) – 4 -point loading configuration is standard. – Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote facing failure. D 7250: determining sandwich beam flexural and shear stiffness (practice) – Data reduction and calculations for flexural and shear stiffness determination using C 393 and D 7249. C 393 D 7249 15

Recent Efforts: Civil Infrastructure Standards § D 30. 05 subcommittee working with ACI Committee 440 to publish civil infrastructure composite test methods. – TG consists of about 20 D 30 and ACI subject matter experts. – Key contacts are Drs. Abdul Zureick and Russell Gentry (Georgia Tech). – D 30 met jointly with ACI in March 2009 (San Antonio, TX). § § 17 ACI 440 documents being transitioned into ASTM documents. Four ACI standards are currently published as ASTM standards: – D 7205/D 7205 M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars – D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications – D 7337/D 7337 M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars – D 7522/D 7522 M: Pull-Off Strength for FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate § Another ACI standard is in D 30 committee ballot: – WK 17184: Tensile Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites used for Strengthening of Civil Structures 16

Recent Efforts: New DMA Tg Standard § D 7028 for glass transition temperature by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was published in 2007. – Based upon process improvements derived from a round-robin study. – Significant efforts by Mike Stuart (Cytec) and Joy Wu (Hexcel). § Key process improvements: – Guidance on equipment calibration. – Methods for characterizing and interpreting DMA thermograms. § A research report from the round-robin testing is in preparation. 17

Current Standards Initiatives • Draft standard test methods are currently in-work for a number of other items, including: – Open-hole fatigue testing – Additional testing modes for interlaminar fracture – Sandwich cleavage fracture toughness – Non-ambient environmental testing – Sandwich panel impact resistance – Sandwich panel residual strength 18

Possible New Standards Other technical areas for possible D 30 standards development include: – HPLC and FTIR – Large-scale CAI – Creep – Stress-rupture – Notched laminate testing guide – FEM-based VCCT benchmarking 19

BENCHMARK PROBLEM: DCB SPECIMEN • • 2 D plane strain and plane stress analysis • DCB benchmark Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) UD 24: [0]24 T 300/914 C 2 h=3. 0 mm 2 L=150. 0 mm B=25. 0 mm a=30. 5 mm • Full 3 D solid analysis 20

MANUALLY CREATING A BENCHMARK SOLUTION FOR A DCB SPECIMEN* • Load/displacement plots for different delamination lengths a ( /2=1. 0 mm) • • Mathematical relationship between load and energy release rate * R. Krueger, NASA/TM-2008 -215123, 2008. Benchmark case 21

Future D 30 Objectives • Add more quantitative precision statements based on accurate and effective round-robin test programs • Improve balance between a concise lab procedure and detailed explanatory guidance or requirements • Increase exposure and acceptance in non-aerospace and international markets • Expand into non-aerospace statistical assurance of measured properties 22

Current and Future Relationships § Cooperation with CMH-17 (MIL-HDBK-17) on consensus test methods and testing guidance § Cooperation with SAE Committee P-17 on test methods for consensus standard composite material specifications § Cooperation with ACI Committee 440 on civil infrastructure standards § Standards supporting marine product development § Collaboration and joint meetings/conferences with CMH-17, ASC, and SAMPE § Future interaction with independent test lab certification organizations, such as PRI/NADCAP 23

D 30 Committee Contacts D 30 Officers (2008 -2009) Chairman, Carl Rousseau (LM Aero) Vice-Chair, Adam Sawicki (Boeing IDS) Recording Secretary, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter) Membership Secretary, James Ratcliffe (NASA) Past Chairman, Rich Fields (LM M&FC) Past Chairman, Gene Camponeschi (US Navy) D 30 Members-At-Large Bill Bertelsen (Gougeon Brothers) Paul Lagace (MIT) Jian Li (Boeing IDS) Steve Ward (Consultant) ASTM Staff Jen Rodgers, D 30 Staff Mgr Barbara Lake, D 30 Admin Asst Karen Wilson, D 30 Secretary Jessica Rosiak, D 30 Editor D 30 Subcommittee Chairs. 01, Editorial/Resource, Paul Lagace (MIT). 02, Research & Mechanics, Ron Kreuger (NIA). 03, Constituent/Precursor, Bill Grant (Specialty Materials). 04, Lamina/Laminate, Mark Kistner (USAF). 05, Structural, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter). 06, Interlaminar, James Ratcliffe (NIA). 09, Sandwich, Steve Ward (consultant) 24

ASTM International Committee D 30 on Composite Materials www. astm. org/COMMIT/D 30. htm