COMMENTING VISUAL AIDS professor E SIMAKOVA COMMENTING

COMMENTING VISUAL AIDS professor E. SIMAKOVA

COMMENTING VISUAL AIDS • Types of visuals • Presenting graphs • Examples and practice

TYPES OF VISUAL AIDS • • • FLOW CHART PIE GRAPH BAR GRAPH LINE GRAPH TABLE DIAGRAM

Flow chart Petro Golden Mayer Board of Directors Managing Director R&D Manager Personnel Manager Production Manager Finance Manager Marketing Manager Training Manager Works Manager Account Manager Sales Manager

PIE GRAPH displaying the size of each part as a percentage of a whole PETROLEUM SALES 1. 2 1. 4 1 Quarter 2 nd Quarter 3. 2 8. 2 3 rd Quarter 4 th Quarter

BAR GRAPH COMPARING UNLIKE ITEMS 6 5 5 4. 4 4. 3 4 3 2 3. 5 3 2. 4 2. 5 2 2 2. 8 Категория 1 Категория 2 Категория 3 Ряд 2 Ряд 3 1. 8 1 0 Ряд 1 Категория 4

LINE GRAPH changes over a period of time, trends Price in $ 120 100 80 60 oil 40 20 0 Jan Feb March Apr June

TABLE compressing large amounts of data COMPANY PRODUCTION CAPACITY SALES

DIAGRAM networks, distributions, arrangements PROS CONS

PRESENTING GRAPHS Introduction Topic Circumstances This graph shows the results of our over 10 years. products The diagram outlines rates of economic between 2008 and growth 2012. This table lists the top ten agencies in the industrial world. This pie chart represents the company's for this year in our turnover sector. This line chart depicts the changes in sales over the past year. This chart breaks down the sales of each during the past ten salesman weeks.

FOUR BASIC TRENDS • • upward movement : downward movement : no movement : change in direction : ↖ or ←

INDICATING UPWARD MOVEMENT VERBS NOUNS increase rise (rose, risen) go/be up grow extend, (to) expand progress boom/soar/climb increase raise (US)/rise (UK) upswing growth extension, expansion progression boom jump, (to) skyrocket jump reach a peak, peak reach an all-time high

INDICATING DOWNWARD MOVEMENT VERBS decrease cut, reduce fall (off) plunge, to plummet drop (off) go down decline collapse slump, go bust bottom out NOUNS decrease cut, reduction fall plunge drop downswing decline collapse (dramatic fall) slump

Indicating no movement VERBS NOUNS keep/remain stable hold/stay constant stabilize stability

INDICATING CHANGE OF DIRECTION VERBS level off/out, flatten out levelling-off stop falling/rising change remain steady stop falling and start rising stop rising and start falling stand at NOUNS

Indicating the degree or the speed of change dramatic (ally) Degree Vast (ly), huge (ly), a lot significant (ly) considerable (ly) substantial (ly) moderate (ly) a little, slight (ly)

Describing elements of graph

ANALYZING AN EXAMPLE

Match each sentence with a graph:

Look at the graph & complete the sentences

Read & draw a graph The graph covers the years 1976 to 1995. It shows that the number of television viewing hours rose steadily and steeply during that period in the US, starting at just under 5 hours a day to reach more than 7 hours in 1995. There was a slight increase in 1982 and sharper falls in 1986 and 1991. The next decrease, in 1994, is hardly significant. Though we do not have the latest figures, it is unlikely that the trend will have reversed.

• • • sales rose / went up / increased / climbed. . . + adverb (slowly / steadily / rapidly / gradually. . . ) Sales stood at. . . Sales peaked / peaked out Sales levelled out / flattened out Sales bottomed out This was due to. . . This was the result of. . . This caused. . . This led to. . . 6 5 Units sold in 000$ 4 3 2 1 0 Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec • •