Command Control of Space Forces — A Weapon

Command Control of Space Forces - A Weapon System Approach NDIA 25 Aug 05 Col Tony Williams Division Chief AFSPC/XOZ

Overview • The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs • The Solution – a Space C 2 Weapon System • Bottom Line XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 2

Overview • The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs • The Solution – a Space C 2 Weapon System • Bottom Line XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 3

OIF Warfighter’s Reliance on Space TSTs • Navigation: 24/7 GPS Enhanced Theater support enabled Time Sensitive & Dynamic Targeting for OIF • • • ~ 70% of all munitions used GPS Weather: NASA’s Aqua & Do. D’s DMSP sats predicted 2324 March sandstorms, warning commanders and troops Missile Warning: Space IR systems detected ~1, 493 provided missile events CSAR: Space enabled largest Joint Search and Rescue operations in history • 55 missions, 73 people saved (Pvt. Lynch rescue utilized ISR, UAVs linked by SATCOM) SATCOM: ATO transmissions over MILSTAR took 6 sec; air delivered in Gulf War • ~750 Tomahawk missile updates were transmitted via SATCOM • Communications capacity increased from 100 megabits to 2. 6 gigabits; commercial satellites provided 80% bandwidth ISR: 24/7 coverage enabled 116 C 4 I targets, including 10 media facilities Space Systems Are Now an Accepted, Proven and Mandatory Element of National Military Power XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 4

Space C 2 Capabilities are Fragmentary and Ad Hoc CSS G GCCS TBMCS CCIC 2 S SBMCS “The AF must restructure the way C 2 programs are managed and resourced” (USAF SAB, May 2001) XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 5

Operational Command Flow for Space Forces CDR USSTRATCOM COCOM CDR JFCC SGS OPCON Space Effects CDRJSO Direct Support TACON JSp. OC JFC Direct Support JFC JSTO Tactical Units CAOC Theater A Theater B AOR Recent Componency Changes Increase the Challenge for C 2 of Space Forces in providing space effects at the timing and tempo needed by the Theater XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 6

JFCC SGS Distributed Operations XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 7

Summary of the Need • • Capability to gain and maintain situation awareness of all space related activities Capability to plan, task, and direct space forces to provide timely effects in support of the warfighter Net centricity Service Oriented Architecture JC 2 interoperability requirements XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 8

Overview • The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs • The Solution – a Space C 2 Weapon System • Implementation Strategy • Bottom Line XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 9

Space C 2 WS Defined • The Space C 2 WS is the means for commanders to exercise authority and direction over assigned and attached forces to carry out joint space operations (CC Intent & Feedback) Functions are an arrangement of…. Facilities Equipment Communications Procedures Personnel Training Sustainment (Joint Pub 1 -2) • Space C 2 functions are performed to allow a commander to plan, direct, coordinate and control operations of assigned forces XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 11

Space C 2 WS Employs NC SOA, shared with SSA Community GIG Status and Tasking and Mission Data Space Superiority SSA OCS Status and Tasking Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT) Assured Access DCS Global Information Services (GIS) Other Services DB DB DB e. g. , Value Added Processing SSA Services Space C 2 Services eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion eg. Space Tasking Core Enterprise Services (Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc. ) Other UDOPs XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 SSA UDOP Key Source 15 Aug 05 Space C 2 UDOP 12

Space C 2 Weapon System – Systems GIG Status and Tasking and Mission Data Space Superiority SSA OCS DCS • Space Control Center • Space DB DB Surveillance DB Network and sensor sites SSA Services • Space Based sensors eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion • DCS systems • OCS systems Status and Tasking Assured Access • Satellite Operations • Range DB DB Assets • Launch Systems Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT) Global Information Services (GIS) • Comm • Missile Other Services • Wideband Warning • Protected e. g. , • Space Value Added • Narrowband Based Processing Broadcast • • Ground • Environmental Based Space C 2 Services & • Timing Navigation • Space eg. Space Tasking • Blue Force Radar Tracking Core Enterprise Services (Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc. ) • Other Includes liaison/coordination with SSA Space C 2 Key Source National/Civil/Commercial/Allied Spaced Assets UDOP XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 13

Space C 2 Weapon System – Types of Information GIG Status and Tasking and Mission Data Space Superiority SSA OCS Status and Tasking Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT) Assured Access DCS System Effects (GETS, CV) Counterspace taskings DB DB Collision avoidance maneuvers Global Information Services (GIS) Other Services DB e. g. , Value Added Processing Maintenance schedule direction Space C 2 Services SSA Services Launch calls SCC priorities, eg. Space Tasking eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion Constellation / system health & status Maintenance & launch schedules Services Core Enterprise (Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc. ) EW/RFI Capability predictions by time or region Other SSA Key Source In-space events: Conjunctions, NFLs, UDOPs UDOP etc. Maneuvers, Re-entries, Space C 2 UDOP Feedback & Assessments (COAs, CC’s Intent XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 14

Space C 2 Weapon System Initially Focused on Two Key Processes ENABLE SPACE TASKING CYCLE MAINTAIN INTEGRATED SPACE PICTURE • Continuous Flexible process to produce: • Events in the Medium of Space: • Conjunctions, Maneuvers, NFLs, Payload assessment, Red/Gray Space Order of Battle • Space environment assessment & projections • Blue space asset status and projections • Constellation / system health & status • Maintenance & launch schedules • Capability predictions by time or region • Space Ops Directive: • Strategies • Priorities • Master Space Plan: • Asset-to-Task Resource Allocation • Space Tasking Order (S-T-O) • Apply CDRJSO & Combatant Commanders’ Intent, Priorities & Objectives, ROE, ATO/SPINS XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 15

NCES-SOA XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 16

Falconer AOC vs JSp. OC Core Process DIFFERENCES SIMILARITIES Falconer AOC Joint Space Operations Center ü Executes Joint Targeting Cycle ü Strategy-to-task process ü Effects-based operations ü Requires internal & external coordination ü Some activities span more than a single tasking cycle ü 24/7 operations (when activated) ü Supports coalition operations ü Operations planned at multiple security level ü Intel critical throughout ü Executes Joint Targeting Cycle ü Strategy-to-task process ü Effects-based operations ü Requires internal & external coordination ü Some activities span more than a single tasking cycle ü 24/7 operations ü Supports coalition operations ü Operations planned at multiple security levels ü Intel critical throughout • • • Global responsibilities balanced w/ theaters’ support requirements • Services National, Do. D, Civil and foreign customers • Peacetime and crisis operations coexist and support integrated globally • Average ~25 taskings per S-T-O • Assets are global requiring deconfliction across battlespace Theater responsibilities Single COCOM focus Crisis operations Up to 2500+ taskings per ATO Assets assigned/attached for single theater support XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 17

Space C 2 WS Development Approach Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C 2 WS SBMCS Worldwide system and web client users NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA), Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS), Automated Warning Capability Global View (CJMTK) AOF MCRS SBMCS Global View (ICSF) MCRS SISP Prototype XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS Initial ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP Master Space Plan Automation SISP 1. 0 15 Aug 05 Sp C 2 WS Full ISP Full S-T-O Automation Sp C 2 WS Block X 18

Space C 2 WS Development Approach Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C 2 WS SISP Prototype Initial developmental effort to consolidate dispersed information into a single integrated picture Global Status View, Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS) Alerts, SATCOM Interference Reporting System (SIRS) Alerts, RFI Geo-location data, SATCOM User Information Global View (CJMTK) AOF MCRS SBMCS Global View (ICSF) MCRS SISP Prototype XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS Initial ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP Master Space Plan Automation SISP 1. 0 15 Aug 05 Sp C 2 WS Full ISP Full S-T-O Automation Sp C 2 WS Block X 19

Space C 2 WS Development Approach Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C 2 WS SISP 1. 0 Net-centric SOA system development, New Web Services for Simple Access, NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA), Combined AOF & LA, HF Propagation, Sat Cat, Space Support Request, S-T-O, Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS) Global View (CJMTK) AOF MCRS SBMCS Global View (ICSF) MCRS SISP Prototype XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS Initial ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP Master Space Plan Automation SISP 1. 0 15 Aug 05 Sp C 2 WS Full ISP Full S-T-O Automation Sp C 2 WS Block X 20

Space C 2 WS Development Approach Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C 2 WS Sp C 2 WS Initial Space C 2 Weapon System capability providing an integrated command control system Integrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order Development tool Global View (CJMTK) AOF MCRS SBMCS Global View (ICSF) MCRS SISP Prototype XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP Master Space Plan Automation SISP 1. 0 15 Aug 05 Sp C 2 WS Full ISP Full S-T-O Automation Sp C 2 WS Block X 21

Space C 2 WS Development Approach Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C 2 WS Sp C 2 WS Block X Net-centric Service Oriented Architecture capability, Expanded space data access, fully capable Integrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order Automation, Robust Strategy-to-Task Tool Global View (CJMTK) AOF MCRS SBMCS Global View (ICSF) MCRS SISP Prototype XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Space OB DSCS Data SIRS MCRS ISP GIS ISP SSA ISP Master Space Plan Automation SISP 1. 0 15 Aug 05 Sp C 2 WS Full ISP Full S-T-O Automation Sp C 2 WS Block X 22

Space C 2 WS Way Ahead HPT FY 06 Periodic Reviews 3 Ltr Coord 2 Ltr Coord Final Enabling Concept Org Construct 6 month review Stand-up Proposal FY 07 C 2 Int in all Sp Programs, Documents updates, etc. Vision 2. 0 Cost Est Group FY 08 POM AFSPC Appr Defend HQAF HQ AF, STRATCOM, AS 2 ISRC, ISAG, etc. Advocacy C 2 SSA COI Pilot Development -SISP 1. 0 -Prototype -Sp. C 2 S 10. 1 -Other Efforts -Sp. C 2 S 20 FDE CDR Eval/Exercise Dev Field Eval/Exercise Automate Integrated Space Picture, Automate S-T-O Process Field JSp. OC Baseline, SCTD, GPS Interface, SBIRS Tasker, Deconfliction, COI Pilot, JSp. OC-X, RAIDRS Refinement Initial Planning Execution Prep CC Updates June July Aug XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 Sep Oct Jan 06 Apr 15 Aug 05 Jul Oct Jan 07 Apr Jul Oct Jan 08 23

Overview • The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs • The Solution – a Space C 2 Weapon System • Bottom Line XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 24

Benefits – Bottom Lines • • NC is cool, will bring good things to all mankind Syncronization of timing/tempo/effects enables Space to exponentially improve how it supports theater XO/Space C 2 System HPT_CC_15 Aug 05 V 2 15 Aug 05 25