Combining Sentences Chapter 6 pg 100 Why

Combining Sentences Chapter 6, pg 100

Why combine sentences? Why not write like this? n n n See Spot run. Spot chases Mitten. See Mittens runs fast. See Mittens climb a tree.

Two Ways to Combine Sentences n Coordination (Chpt 6 pg 100) n Subordination (Chpt 7, pg 120)

n Definitions n n A PHRASE – a group of words that belong together but lack one of the three elements necessary for a sentence A CLAUSE – a group of words that has a subject and a verb

What is coordination n Co-ordination is the pairing of similar elements – words, phrases, or clauses – to give equal weight to each.

What is co-ordination? n n Co-ordination can link two independent clauses to form a compound sentence. There are three ways to combine sentences.

Use Coordination when n n you have two sentences that contain ideas of equal importance. The clauses are independent (simple sentences). (have subjects, verbs, and complete thoughts).

How to combine sentences to produce a compound sentence (pg 101) 1. Use a comma & a coordinating conjunction Everyone needs what the farmers produce, so we should be concerned about their problems. n A conjunction is a connecting or joining word. n What is the conjunction in this sentence?

Combining Sentences Using Co-ordination conjunctions (pg 101). Explained on 102 n n n For And Nor §But §Or §Yet §So

Identifying co-ordinating conjunctions Pg 102, “Practice” Identify the subject and verb for each independent clause. Then circle the comma and coordinating conjunction. The speaker rose to his feet, and the room became quiet. Subject Verb _____ was packed, audience ______ Subject for ____ this was Verb 1. The with an international reputation. a man

Identifying co-ordinating conjunctions practice pg 102 Subject Verb 2. ___ could have told He ________ Subject Verb instead ___ spoke he ______ Subject Verb ______ words were 3. His attentive. about all his successes but | about his disappointments. electric so the Subject Verb 4. _ should have brought I ___________ Subject crowd _______ was Verb a tape recorder or at least Subject Verb I __________ __should have taken notes.

Do I have to have a comma? n You can leave it out in a short compound sentence but it is never wrong to include it

Caution n When using a comma in this type of • Subject compound sentence, be sure it truly is a • Verb compound sentence. • Complete n n Both Have: Thought It HAS to have 2 independent clauses (IC) IC , conjunction I left early, for IC the bus is often late.

Caution n Don’t use a comma if the second part of the sentence is not an independent clause n I left early, for work. WRONG I left early for work. RIGHT n n How do I know where/when to put the comma? Listen for the pause in your breath. No pause? No comma needed.

Option 2: Semicolon + 2. Use a semicolon, an adverbial conjunction, and a comma – why? To add more emphasis. (Pg 107) I worked hard; therefore, I expected results. n What is the adverbial conjunction in this sentence?

How to combine sentences Some common adverbial conjunctions. Contrast Alternative Result Pg 107 Addition n In addition However Instead Accordingly Also Nevertheless On the other hand Hence Besides nonetheless Otherwise Therefore Furthermore Thus Moreover Likeness Emphasis To show time Likewise Indeed Meanwhile similarly In fact

Identifying adverbial conjunctions – pg 107, Practice Identify the subject and verb for each independent clause. Then circle the semicolon, adverbial conjunction, and comma. n n The jet was the fastest way to get there; moreover, it was the most comfortable. The restaurant is always too crowded on Saturdays; nevertheless, it serves the best food in town

Identifying adverbial conjunctions Pg 107, Practice 2. The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. n 3. The lawsuit cost the company several million dollars; consequently, the company went out of business. 4. The doctor told him to lose weight; furthermore, she instructed him to stop smoking.

Caution n Don’t use a comma instead of a semicolon. The land was not for sale, however, the house could be rented. WRONG The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT

Caution n The land was not for sale; however the house could be rented. WRONG n The land was not for sale; however, the house could be rented. RIGHT

Option 3: Use a Semicolon 3. Use a semicolon (pg 111) I worked hard; I expected results. n These MUST be two complete sentences. Here the semicolon takes the place of a conjunction.

Semicolons (continued) n n Use a semicolon only when the content of two clauses is closely related. When sentences are combined using a semicolon, the grammatical structure of each sentence should be similar (parallel). The women pitched the tents; the men cooked dinner. Exercise 7 on pg 112 – place the semicolon

Exercise 7, pg 112 1. The assistant wrote the speech the manager delivered it at the national meeting. 2. The man stood in front of me the others stood to the side. 3. The apartment was light and airy the property was neat and clean.

Review (pg 113) n When do you use co-ordination? when two phrases/clauses are equal n Name three ways to combine sentences using co-ordination.

Practice: Relay Race n n Get into 2 groups Decide your order

Sentence combining relay! Go! n Each sentence that appears, your group’s representative will have to 1. underline the subject 2. highlight the verb 3. Identify the combination or combine the sentences. 4. The person who answered, initial it! 5. Check your answer with Mrs. T to move on to the next sentence!

Combining Sentences using Subordination Chapter 7, pg 120

Subordination n Method of combining two clauses that contain ideas that are not equally important

Subordination n Combines an INDEPENDENT clause and a DEPENDENT clause. n IC: I drank the water DC: When I drank the water… n

Independent V. Dependent n Independent = can stand alone n n You, as an adult are independent. You can survive on your own. Dependent = a fragment n You have DEPENDENT children, they NEED you to survive

Exercise 1, pg 121 n IC 1. DC 2. DC IC 3. 4. IC IC or DC? Americans adore pets although high-end pet food is very expensive when Fifi needs the right cut some pet stylists can earn one hundred dollars an hour

Exercise 1, pg 121 DC DC IC IC DC 6. because pet play groups encourage socialization 7. since veterinarians now treat animal obesity 8. animals can be treated for skin disorders at an animal dermatologist 9. pets have been shown to lower their owners blood pressure 10. even if some pets have been known to bite

Using Subordinating Conjunctions p 123 Frequency used subordinating conjunctions After In order that Unless Although Once Until As, as if Provided that When, whenever As long as, as though Because Before Even though If, even if Rather than Since So that Though Where, wherever Whereas Whether While

Subordinating Conjunctions (124) n n To introduce a condition I will go as long as you go with me To introduce a contrast I will go even though you wont go with me To introduce a cause I will go because the meeting is important To show time, place or purpose when, until, wherever, so that

Exercise 4 pg 126 1. 1. He waswas eating breakfast, the results the While he eating breakfast. The results of of election came over the radio. the election came over the radio. 2. The town council voted against the plan. They because they believed the project was too expensive.

3. II will see Maya Angelou tonight because 3. will see Maya Angelou tonight. she is speaking at the university. She is speaking at the university. 4. The worker hoped for a promotion. even 4. The worker hoped for a promotion though not one person in the department had Not one person in the department had received a promotion last year. 5. The worker hoped for a promotion. 5. Because the worker hoped for a promotion, he did all his work accurately and on time. All his work was done accurately and on time.

Subordination using Relative Pronouns n Sentences can be combined using a relative pronoun. (Who, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, that…) The researcher had a breakthrough. He was studying diabetes. The researcher who was studying diabetes had a breakthrough. Incorrect would be: The researcher had a breakthrough who was studying diabetes.

Exercise 8 pg 132 1. Stress can do a great deal of harm. day, can Stress, which we experience every Weaexperience of harm. do great deal stress every day. 2. People often use food to help them often use 2. People whose jobs are demanding cope. Someto help them cope. demanding. food people’s jobs are 3. The practice of eating to cope with stress is 3. The practice of eating to cope with stress, which automatic. The practice of eating is often usually goes back to childhood, to cope goes back to childhood. automatic.

Exercise 8, pg 132 (Continued) 4. Some foods that people turn to in times of stress can actually increase tension. 5. Sweet foods, which are popular with people who need a lift, are actually not energy boosters. 6. Another substance that people use to get an energy boost is caffeine.

7. One of the biggest mistakes is to use alcohol, which is really a depressant, as an aid to achieving calm. 8. People who want to feel a sense of calm should eat three meals a day and two small snacks. 9. Getting enough protein is also important in keeping an adequate energy level, which will get you through the day. 10. A person should eat regularly to avoid binges, which put on pounds and drain one’s energy.

Review of Subordination, pg 134 I. Use a Subordinating Conjunction Begin with independent clause, don’t use a comma a. a. WE can finish our homework if Tamika leaves. Begin with the dependant clause, use a comma. b. a. If Tamka leaves, we can finish our homework.

Review of Subordination II. Use a Relative Pronoun a. if the relative clause is essential info, the clause is restrictive, don’t use comma. a. You should never eat fruit that you haven’t washed first. b. If the relative clause is not essential, use comma. Mother’s fruit salad, which she prepares every Sunday, is delicious.

Narrative Chpt 19, pg 369

Narration n Telling a story! Using narration to make a point – (pg 370) Exercise 1, pg 370 n Answer the questions on pg 371 – create CONTROLLING IDEAS that would give a purpose to the narrative.

Putting the Details in order (pg 373) n n Most Narratives take place in Time order Put exercise 4 (pg 372 -373) in time order • 3 • 1 • 4 • 2 • 5

Exercise 10, pg 378 n Write a narrative paragraph using the stepby-step approach n n n Story about family member. Topic sentence (the subject and what you’re going to tell about it) Make a list of events that took place.

Read “My Daughter Smokes” 623 n n With a partner, come up with a thesis statement that would be appropriate for this story. Then: n develop a symbol that represents the message of the story n Write a response to the story from the daughter’s perspective. OR