Colombian Market Stress Experiences Luis Alejandro Camargo S. Wholesale Market Manager XM S. A. E. S. P. Todos los derechos reservados para XM S. A E. S. P.
Situation: Terrorism on Power Lines 2
Terrorist Attacks To The Transmission Grid Terrorism against the National high voltage Grid System Attacks Towers down 3
We operated “n- 55” in May of 2002 4
Despite the attacks, no overall blackouts have affected the market Non-served demand % Non-Served demand (as a percentage of the annual electricity demand) Non-served demand due attacks Month 5
Rules To Guarantee Security r Voltage should not be under 90% or over 110% of nominal value (over 105% at 500 k. V) r The reactive power on generation units must follow their capacity curves r Establish specific voltage levels on different special points/nodes on the system r The system should maintain operating even with a three phase fault, cleared using the principal protection r Generators must oscillate on a damp and consistent way r If a grid element goes out, there should not be additional trips, in order to avoid cascade events 6
Reliability r Current Probabilistic Method (formerly classic N-1) • Outage Probability of Elements (1 year history) • Rationing caused by outage of elements • Electric-Area Reliability Criterion r Information System to Gather Data • Market participants must deliver information • Gathering information through ISO r Design strategies for • High Availability of equipments • Minimum of events 7
8 ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN COLOMBIA MARKET FUNCTIONS Offer Price Curve for International Transaction (TIE) Day Ahead Dispatch OPERATION PLANNING FUNTIONS Price Offer's REAL DISPATCH IDEAL DISPATCH Without Network & Generations Technical Characteristics Electric Analysis Marginal Price + $ Congestions US$/MWh Reliability Signals Current Day Dispatch S 1 S 2 S 3 Settlement Network & Generations Technical Characteristics FINAL DISPATCH REAL TIME OPERATION
9 ESTYRA – In House Application Development After the market dispatch is calculated, a electric analysis team check the system security. This can be done by: • Conventional approach: (DIg. SILENT - Power factory) • ESTYRA • Transitory Stability Estimated • Overload Estimated • Redispatch
10 Real Time Oscillation Monitoring • Frequency measure • Indication of Damping • Possible Generation Changes • Generations Control Settings Changes (Adjust PSS) • Real time Detection of Oscillation • Reinforcement of the National Grid
11 Real Time Oscillation Monitoring Damping Frequency vs Damping 0. 70 Hz Coast-Central 0. 45 Hz Colombia-Ecuador 0. 22 Hz Colombia-Venezuela Inter. Area modes • Even though about 10. 000 oscillations were detected with the frequency and oscillation network – F@OSnet, 96% of them have remain below 60 seconds
Critical factors to deal with terrorism on Power Lines Generating plants availability and coordination Reliability indexes calculation Development of international networks Probabilistic criteria for planning and operation Development of software for real time transient stability analysis Frequency and oscillation measurement network Development of AGC schemes for isolated areas Reconfiguring power lines procedures Fast restoration schemes 12
Luis Alejandro Camargo S. lcamargo@xm. co Todos los derechos reservados para XM S. A E. S. P.
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