College English Book 3 （全新版）大学英语 3 外国语学院 南世锋 Unit 6 The Human Touch
Objectives l 1. Understand the main idea and structure of the text; l 2. Appreciate how the repeated use of clues helps weave a piece of narration together; l 3. Grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; l 4. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to theme of the unit.
Text A The Last Leaf O. Henry
1. Pre-reading Tasks 2. While-reading Tasks 3. Post-reading Tasks l
1. Pre-reading Tasks Warm-up Questions Background Information
Warm-up Questions 1. How do you understand the Human Touch? It originates from the warmest aspect from human normal feelings, a natural revelation from real emotions among one another, giving others a wonderful felling of love, care and an encouraging spirit.
Warm-up Questions Ø human touch： Ø 人情味，源自人性之中最温情的一面，是 人与人之间真挚情感的自然流露，是一种 给人以爱与关怀的奇妙感觉，是一股可以 温暖人心的精神，也可指人们互相关怀鼓励。
Warm-up Questions l 2. What is the human nature? l Man is born kind. Man is born evil. Man is born neither kind nor evil. l l
Warm-up Questions l Virtues: l love, zeal, faith, self control, charity, kindness, tolerance, loyalty, honesty, selflessness, generosity l Weaknesses: l greed, selfishness, jealousy, sadness, anger, depression, pride, laziness, meanness
Warm-up Questions l No one is perfect. Yet, we should try our best to be a person with more virtues and less weaknesses. l Love not only yourself but also your family members, friends, even other people you don’t know.
O. Henry ¡ ¡ O. Henry was the pen name of the American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910). O. Henry's short stories are well known for their wit, wordplay, warm haracterization and clever twist endings.
His stories l The Four Million l Cabbages and Kings l The Gift of the Magi l The Ransom of Red Reformation The Ransom of Red Chief A Retrieved Chief l The Cop and the Anthem l A Retrieved Reformation l The Furnished Room l Baby in the Jungle
Major features of Henry’s stories Henry's stories are famous for their surprise endings, to the point that such an ending is often referred to as an "O. Henry ending. " He was called the American answer to Guy de Maupassant. Both authors wrote twist endings, but O. Henry stories were much more playful. His stories are also well known for witty narration. Most of O. Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early years of the 20 th century. Many take place in New York City and deal for the most part with ordinary people: c l e r k s , p o l i c e m e n , w a i t r e s s e s.
Major features of Henry’s stories ¡ ¡ O. Henry's work is wide-ranging, and his ¡ characters can be found roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the "gentle grafter, " or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turnof-the-century New York. O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language.
Major features of Henry’s stories l Some of his best and least-known work resides in the collection Cabbages and Kings, a series of stories which each explore some individual aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy Central American town while each advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another in a complex structure which slowly explicates its own background. O. Henry's work is fundamentally a product of his time, and contains examples of casual racism.
2. While-reading Tasks Structure of the Text Further Understanding
Structure (Part division of the text) Scene Paras s 1 2 3 Characters Events Paras 1 2 Sue, Johnsy Sue’s roommate Johnsy caught pneumonia. Paras 3 8 The doctor, The doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a strong will to live on Paras 9 Johnsy, Johnsy decided that 17 Sue she would die when the last ivy
Structure (Part division of the text) Scene Paras s Characters 4 Paras 18 Behrman, 21 Sue 5 Paras 22 Sue, 33 Johnsy Events Sue told Behrman about Johnsy’s fancy As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that wouldn’t give in to the weather, her will to live returned.
Structure (Part division of the text) Scene Paras s 6 7 Characters Events Paras 34 the doctor, The doctor told Sue 37 Sue that Johnsy would recover, but Behrman caught pneumonia himself and his case was hopeless. Paras 38 Sue, Sue told Johnsy that 39 Johnsy Behrman had performed a kind deed without any
Further Understanding l l l Key Words and Phrases Language Focus Analysis of the Text
l Key Words and. Phrases
in tune: harmoniously (often followed by with) e. g. His ideas were in tune with mine. The price of gold coins fluctuates (波动) in tune with that of commodities.
stalk: v. (of an evil force) move through (a place) in a threatening way; move quietly and cautiously in order to get near e. g. There are sharks stalking their prey in those waters.
victim: n. person, animal, etc. suffering death, injury or loss e. g. Thousands were victims of the plague in the Middle Ages. Four people were killed in the explosion, but the police have not yet named the victims.
subtract: vt. take (a number, quantity) away from a larger number or quantity e. g. Students were given a lot of practice in writing, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.
turn loose: allow (sth. ) to be free of control e. g. The World Bank makes grants to developing countries but it doesn’t just turn the money loose. 世界银行拨款给发展中国家，但并不听任随便使 用。
to excess: to an extreme degree e. g. Don’t carry your grief to excess. He drinks to excess. 他嗜酒无度.
for the rest: as regards other matters在其他方面 e. g. The working conditions in my new job are excellent, but for the rest, I am not impressed.
stand out: be easily seen above or among others e. g. These writers stood out above the rest. stand by 支持 stand for 代表 stand on 坚持 stand well with 与……相处得好
Language Focus l l 1. Literary Language writing techniques in a narration
Language Focus Make a dialogue between Sue and Behrman according to the sentence “She told him of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker” in Lines 65 to 68.
2. Figures of Speech 修辞
Personification拟人 l My heart was singing. l This time fate was smiling to him. l My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
Euphemism委婉语 l Die: fall asleep, cease thinking, pass away, go to heaven, leave us l Old people: senior citizens l Fat people: weight watcher l Madhouse/asylum: mental hospital l Stupid people: slow learners
Simile明喻 l like, as, as if, as though等. l This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. l He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
Metaphor隐喻 l 没有比喻词，而是直接将用事物当作乙事 物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似 之处是暗含的。 l The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. l The world is a stage. l Time is money.
Hyperbole夸张 l My blood froze. l He almost died laughing. l When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
Pun 双关 以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时 把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以 取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。 l Seven days without water make one weak/week. l A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. l
Irony 反语, 讽刺 l As welcome as a storm l The public is wonderfully tolerant ----it forgives everything except genius.
Oxymoron矛盾修饰 l She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. l Sweet pain/sorrow l living death l impossible hope
Alliteration头韵 在句中有两个以上连结在一起的词 或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母 或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 l Proud as a peacock l Safe and sound l Home and hearth l New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. l
Parallelism 排比 l 把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思 密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起 来，使句式得到增强. l No one can be perfectly free till are free; no one can be perfectly moral till are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till are happy.
The Order of Adjectives before a Noun (Exercise P 205 206) l l 限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠.
l e. g. l 1. beautiful brown leather jacket 2. small antique wooden table 3. fabulous new diamond ring 4. gorgeous pink silk scarf 5. fantastic new British film
Analysis of the Text 1. Explain composition of a short story narration: scene, theme, characters, climax. l 2. Ask students to identify theme, characters, climax, etc. in the text. l 3. Appreciate the atmosphere build by its beautiful sentences and phrases. l
3. Post-reading Tasks l l Group Discussion Performance Debate Exercises
Group Discussion 1) Which character in the story impresses you most? Why? 2) What is the essential message the writer wants to convey to his readers through the story? Is it of social significance? Explain.
Performance l l Form groups and act different roles.
Debate l Many years ago, a college student lost his life to save an old farmer’s life, which aroused a heated discussion among people. Some thought that it was not worthwhile for a college student who might contribute a lot to the society in the future to risk death for an old life, while some other people held the
Debate l Supporting arguments l 1. It is the only way to save her life. l 2. It is worthwhile for the old to risk death to save l the young’s lives. l Opposing arguments l 1. Behrman could try other means to save Johnsy’s life instead of sacrificing himself.
Exercises
Vocabulary l I. l 1. 1)flutter/fluttering l 3) cling to l 5) fancy l 7) fierce masterpiece l 9) nonsense l 11) subtracted 2) acute 4) streaming 6) mock 8) 10) bare 12) victim
Vocabulary l l l 2. 1) gave in/gave up 2) figure out 3) sized up 4) wiped out 5) pulling up 6) wear away 7) sit up 8) hear of / about
Vocabulary 3. 1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories. l 2) According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University. l 3) The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country. l 4) There is scarcely any surface water l
Vocabulary 4. 1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night! l 2) Miss Florence, our music teacher, l
Vocabulary l l l II. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. He went to Paris on business last month. 2. The train to Brussels goes at 2: 25 p. m. 3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go. 4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.
Vocabulary l l l l III. Usage 1. a little white wooden house 2. long, curly red hair 3. a large old round table 4. a cheap Indian restaurant 5. a huge cool chocolate ice cream 6. rapid technological advance 7. a handsome young Chinese American
Structure l l l l 1. 1) The kitchen smells of burnt rubber. 2) It smells of rose. 3) It tastes of fish. 4) It tastes of gasoline. 2. 1) I killed the spider by hitting it. 2) The little girl supported herself by selling matches. 3) You can unlock the door by turning
Comprehensive Exercises l l l I. Cloze (A) 1. Victim 2. in tune 3. Scarcely 4. in a whisper 5. cling to 6. merry 7. sat up 8. nonsense 9. fancy 10. fierce 11. sin 12. masterpiece (B) 1. As 2. whose 3. that 4. or 5. jail 6. Her 7. so 8. buy 9. not
Comprehensive Exercises l II. Translation l Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of
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