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Cold War Hot Spots Unit 4 Lesson 11 Cold War Hot Spots Unit 4 Lesson 11

Objectives: Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted. Objectives: Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted. Explain why the US became involved in the affairs of Korea and summarize the events of the war. Identify other Cold War “hot spots. ” Explain how US foreign policy changed through the course of the Cold War.

Warm Up How did the Red Scare manifest itself in the US? FELP- LRB Warm Up How did the Red Scare manifest itself in the US? FELP- LRB HUAC Espionage Cases Mc. Carthyism

Communists Take China- 1949 Chinese Civil War (28 -38) Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shek Communists: Mao Communists Take China- 1949 Chinese Civil War (28 -38) Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shek Communists: Mao Zedong Unite to fight WW 2… temporary People’s Republic of China Mao’s Communists Chou En-lai - Premier Republic of China – aka Taiwan (Formosa) Chiang’s Nationalists Recognized as official govt (US & UN)

The Korean War Japan occupied Korea from 1910 -1945 Post WW 2, Korea divided The Korean War Japan occupied Korea from 1910 -1945 Post WW 2, Korea divided at 38 th Parallel USSR in North US in South Goal: reunification

UN in North Korea USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections… Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. UN in North Korea USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections… Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. Korea (Pres. Syngman Rhee) Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, N. Korea (Kim Il Sung) Occupying troops withdrew 48 & 49.

Open Hostilities June to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea! Sept to Oct Open Hostilities June to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea! Sept to Oct – Mac pushes back…to Chinese border! Nov to Jan 51 - Chinese get involved to stop US from entering China… push back to 38 th parallel

Butting Heads Mac. Arthur : Invade China! Truman: No! Mac. Arthur appeals to media, Butting Heads Mac. Arthur : Invade China! Truman: No! Mac. Arthur appeals to media, criticizes Truman Mac fired April 11, 1951.

Armistice 1951 -1953 stuck at 38 th…nothing gained, much lost (54 k dead, $67 Armistice 1951 -1953 stuck at 38 th…nothing gained, much lost (54 k dead, $67 b) Soviets suggest ceasefire 38 th Parallel Demilitarized Zone Exchange of POW’s NK/UN signed July 1953 No official NK/SK Treaty!

Impact of Korea UN gains authority Hostilities in Korea continue N. Korea still communist Impact of Korea UN gains authority Hostilities in Korea continue N. Korea still communist US commit to containment US precedent for future intervention (Vietnam) US rejects Dem Party, elects Republican Ike Military-industrial complex

Eisenhower and the Cold War Eisenhower and the Cold War

Brinksmanship 1949 - Soviet A Bomb Nov 52/Aug 53 - H Bomb John Foster Brinksmanship 1949 - Soviet A Bomb Nov 52/Aug 53 - H Bomb John Foster Dulles Use “full force” NSC triples defense $ Deterrance MAD Arms Race Air Raid Drills Bomb Shelters “Living Under the Button”

Cold War Takes to the Skies Oct 4, 1957 - Sputnik Fear ICBM attack Cold War Takes to the Skies Oct 4, 1957 - Sputnik Fear ICBM attack US tries to duplicate and fails NASA National Defense Education Act U 2 Incident US spy plane shot down over USSR

Other Confrontations Asia: US doesn’t sign Geneva Accords, gives aid to S. Vietnam Middle Other Confrontations Asia: US doesn’t sign Geneva Accords, gives aid to S. Vietnam Middle East: US supports creation Israel (‘ 47), Eisenhower Doctrine (‘ 57) after Suez Crisis – US force against communist aggression in ME Latin America – Rio Pact & OAS Treaties

Kennedy & Flexible Response Cuba: Recognize Castro (’ 59) then break off relations (’ Kennedy & Flexible Response Cuba: Recognize Castro (’ 59) then break off relations (’ 61) 1961 Bay of Pigs: CIA trains Cuban exiles in Cuba to overthrow Castro regime…Fails…JFK embarrassed 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: Spy planes detect USSR missile sites in Cuba, world on edge for 13 days until Khruschev falters and agrees to remove. US-USSR Hotline

LBJ and Communism Concerns tied up in Vietnam…to be discussed later LBJ and Communism Concerns tied up in Vietnam…to be discussed later

Nixon & A New Foreign Policy Henry Kissinger – Realpolitik Détente- Cooling of tension Nixon & A New Foreign Policy Henry Kissinger – Realpolitik Détente- Cooling of tension …“peaceful coexistence” May 72 – 1 st Pres to visit Brezhnev & SALT I China & Ping Pong Diplomacy ‘ 71 end travel ban & trade embargo ’ 72 Visit (1 st Pres ever)

Cold War Ends Reagan vs. Evil Empire Arms Race Space Race – Star Wars Cold War Ends Reagan vs. Evil Empire Arms Race Space Race – Star Wars Soviet Union Falls Apart (see Unit 1!)