Cold War Conflicts Chapter 18 Tensions During

Cold War Conflicts Chapter 18

Tensions During War • Stalin was Hitler’s allie • Allies took too long to attack Europe • U. S. kept A-Bomb a secret • U. N. becomes a tug-ofwar

Potsdam Conference • U. S. & Soviets lone world powers • Stalin is only leader left from Yalta • Stalin & Truman both change policy • Containment policy

Truman Doctrine • March 12, 1947 • U. S. must help people resist takeovers from minorities or outside groups • $400 million to Greece & Turkey

The Marshall Plan • Massive economic aid to Europe ($13 billion) • Help rebuild Europe • Side effect: contain communism • Ensure the health of the economy

George C. Marshall

Berlin Airlift (6/48) 11 months of Airplane supplies

N. A. T. O. • North Atlantic Treaty Org. • Military support to 12 member countries • Standing military of 500, 000 • First ever alliance in peacetime for U. S.

Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan Chinese government in exile

Mao Zedong-Communist leader –won civil war in China-became leader of all China

Korea Prior to 1945 Division

Beginnings • U. S. and Soviets both fought there in WWII. • Divide Korea in two. • Kim Il-Sung in North • Syngman Rhee in South

Kim ll Sung

Syngman Rhee

Korean War

The War • North invades June 25, 1950 • U. S. intervenes with U. N. support. • By end of July, Northern forces near the Southern coast. (Pusan) • Mc. Arthur attacks behind them-cuts off Northern forces.

American Soldiers July, 1950

War Continues • From Inchon regain Seoul very quickly • North Koreans flee • Truman decides to invade Northern Korea. • Mc. Arthur promises to have the soldiers home by Christmas

• Bombed bridges on the Yalu River. • China now enters the war. • March 1951 troops back th Parallel. at the 38 • Mc. Arthur gets ticked

Mc. Arthur Fired • Wanted to use the atomic bomb • Go after China • Blames Truman for stalemate. • Would not follow orders-----So Truman fired him • Mc. Arthur gets a hero’s welcome

Aftermath of Mc. Arthur Problem • Truman looks bad • Loses support • None of his domestic policies seemed to work • Nation looks for a new leader

Korean War Monument, near Demilitarized Zone

End of Korean War • Ike goes to Korea • Sees there is a stalemate • Peace talks were also at a stalemate • Increases bombing • Warns of atomic bomb

Cont’d • July 27, 1953 Armistice is signed. • 54, 000 Americans, over 1 million Koreans died. • War seemed like a waste of time, money, and people. • Border of North and South where it had started(pg 613)

C. W. In the U. S. • Loyalty Review Board (3/47) • Investigate suspicious employees • House Un-American Activities Committee • Check Communism in Hollywood

Alger Hiss —Soviet Spy

Mc. Carthyism • Accuses 205 people from the State Department. • Blames them for China being Communist • Focused on wealth and privilege • No accusations were based on facts!—NO PROOF

Joseph Mc. Carthy Senator Wisconsin

Mc. Carthy Hearings

End of Mc. Carthyism • Charges got worse, accused the army of being full of communists. • The Army-Mc. Carthy Hearings • Mc. Carthy gets his due thanks to the army lawyer: Joseph Welch

Mc. Carthy accuses Welch

The Nuclear Age • America was afraid of a nuclear war • Creates Hydrogen Bomb. • 67 times more destructive than Little Boy • U. S. gets ahead of Soviets again.

Nevada Test Site, 1951 -1962 (I guess this is the one in Indiana Jones)

Other Entanglements • • Iran and oil Hungarian Revolt v. s. Soviets Suez Canal Crisis Eisenhower Doctrine-US will defend the Middle East against any Communist country • U-2 Incident-Francis Gary Powers

Gamal Abdel Nasser Egypt’s head of government

Nikita Khrushchev leader of Soviet Union

• SPACE RACE TAKES OFF!!!!!! • Sputnik • Soviets 1 st in space beep, beep

Sputnik 1 (October 4, 1957)

Orson Welles

Humphrey Bogart

John Wayne

Josh Gibson

Satchel Paige

Jackie Robinson

Joe Louis

Death of Bugsy