Closures February 2007 • Checkpoints and road blocks, known as “closures”, are a policy of physical barriers and permit requirements used to control Palestinian pedestrian and vehicular movement. • The closures are imposed by the Israeli military as a security measure to protect its citizens. • These closures severely impact the humanitarian and socio -economic situation of Palestinians in the West Bank.
The West Bank
Please wait while West Bank (5, 600 km 2), (2, 160 mi 2) slide is loading Palestinian Built-up areas in the West Bank pop. 2, 444, 500 PCBS 2006 161 Israeli settlements, 96 outposts (285 km 2) (110 mi 2) pop. 450, 000 in 2006 Israeli military closed areas and 27 military bases (1, 175 km 2) (454 mi 2) (As of 5 Oct 2006) 0 5 Miles 10
The Closures
Checkpoint A barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police with observation towers and other physical blocks used to control pedestrian and vehicular access. Partial Checkpoint An established checkpoint operating periodically.
Trench A ditch dug across or along roads used to prevent vehicle movement.
Road Gate A metal gate used to control Palestinian movement between roads.
Roadblock A series of 1 metre concrete blocks placed across roads used by Palestinians to obstruct vehicle movement.
Earthmound A mound of rubble, dirt, and boulders placed in the middle of a road used by Palestinians to obstruct vehicle movement. Earthwall A series of earthmounds less than 50 m apart.
Roadbarrier 2 metre high fencing along West Bank roads which are reserved, generally, for. Israeli traffic. These fences impede Palestinians from using and crossing these roads many of which run between main cities. West Bank Barrier The Barrier is an additional impediment to Palestinian movement. A 703 km long complex series of 8 -9 m high concrete walls, electronic fences, observation towers, trenches, patrol roads and razor wire used to block Palestinian pedestrian and vehicular movement inside the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
Israeli Settlements Israeli Military Closed Areas
“Flying” checkpoints In addition to the several hundred fixed closures, random or “flying” checkpoints further restrict Palestinian movement. 455 of these random checkpoints were observed during January 2007.
Closures Update Number of closures by type ( 11 July 2007) 74 Checkpoints 12 Partial Checkpoints 90 Road Gates 56 Roadblocks 191 Earthmounds A barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police. An established checkpoint operating periodically. A metal gate, often manned by IDF, used to control movement along roads. A series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access. A mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access. 14 35. 9 km Trenches 87 86 km Road barriers 15 15 km Earth Walls 539 A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. Road barriers placed alongside major roads prevent movement across the roads. A continuous wall or series of earth mounds used to restrict access. TOTAL (11 July 2007)
No real improvement of Palestinian movement in West Bank Total number of checkpoints and roadblocks Disengagement 710 659 43% increase since disengagement 680 605 515 552 550 539 465 376 Jan/04 Jul/04 Jan/05 Jul/05 Jan/06 Jul/06 *Figures include checkpoints and physical obstacles. Data collected by OCHA Jan/07 Jul/07
Closures and the Humanitarian Situation • Under the 4 th Geneva Convention, Israel, as an occupying power may apply security measures for immediate military need and specific threat. • However, the closure system is collectively applied to all Palestinians throughout the West Bank. • For any improvement in the humanitarian and socioeconomic situation, the closures must be removed. Photo by OCHA/Steve Sabella
Methods and Credits USE This Power Point Presentation may be used, however, must be accompanied by the date and source. METHODS OCHA o. Pt has been monitoring the closures since 2003. Our field teams record the obstacles with a GPS unit. These files are used to make maps. The figures are regularly updated. MORE RESOURCES OCHA-o. Pt documents and maps are available at <www. ochaopt. org> CONTACT Email <ochaopt@un. org> Phone +972 (0) 2582 -9962 Close the presentation
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