Clinical Working Memory Testing Device The Memory Scope

Clinical Working Memory Testing Device: “The Memory Scope” Eugen Tarnow Director Avalon Business Systems 19 -03 Maple Avenue etarnow@avabiz. com 1 -646 -825 -9080

Overview l Memory damage will become more widespread as a greater portion of Americans become senior citizens and live longer. Geriatric care professionals need to having testing equipment ready: a “memory scope”. l Short term memory consists of two parts: ¡ Working memory (with 3 or 4 items) ¡ Reactivation memory (associations based on working memory content) ¡ Tarnow first one to prove this (previously believed to be the case but not proven) l Memory testing device Me. Mo can detect working memory damage. It uses the working memory test called the Tarnow Unchunkable Test (TUT). 2 1 -646 -825 -9080

Pilot test at Mt. Sinai Alzheimer’s Research Center l Test of normal aged subjects showed that TUT was: ¡ Independent of language/culture (English, Mandarin, Cantonese & Spanish) ¡ Independent of gender ¡ Small dependency with age and education l When including Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD subjects: ¡ TUT distinguishes between AD and Normal/MCI. ¡ TUT does not distinguish between Normal and MCI. ¡ TUT best of all number tests l AD differs from Normal/MCI by ¡ Damage to working memory. Identified by TUT (for the first time? ). 3 1 -646 -825 -9080

Pilot test at Mt. Sinai Alzheimer’s Research Center Field MCI* Log. Units 26. 067 MEMUNITS 12. 300 LOGIMEM 13. 767 MMSE 29. 200 ANIMALS 19. 667 Ani. Veg 33. 333 BOSTON 26. 400 VEG 13. 667 TRAILB 105. 929 DIGIB 7. 267 DIGIF 7. 690 TUT-3 2. 639 TRAILA 46. 700 Normal* 12. 125 4. 625 7. 500 26. 875 13. 250 24. 125 22. 250 10. 875 150. 429 6. 250 8. 250 2. 583 49. 250 Importance 1. 000 0. 996 0. 990 0. 988 0. 980 0. 926 0. 845 0. 740 0. 430 0. 210 0. 152 Field Not AD* MMSE 28. 711 LOGIMEM 12. 447 Log. Units 23. 132 MEMUNITS 10. 684 TUT-3 2. 629 BOSTON 25. 526 VEG 13. 079 Ani. Veg 31. 395 TRAILB 114. 829 ANIMALS 18. 316 DIGIB 7. 053 DIGIF 7. 811 TRAILA 47. 237 AD* 21. 800 3. 000 3. 600 0. 600 1. 667 19. 600 8. 800 21. 200. 000 12. 400 5. 600 7. 000 52. 200 Importance 1. 000 0. 999 0. 980 0. 978 0. 975 0. 961 0. 941 0. 818 0. 504 0. 255 4 1 -646 -825 -9080

Alzheimer’s disease – example of damage to working memory l Alzheimer’s disease (AD) starts out with damage to reactivation memory (MCI) and proceeds with working memory damage. l MCI ¡ Sensitive to complexity of one’s memory ¡ Hard to know if MCI will lead to AD. l When AD is diagnosed, the person has difficulties with daily living, presumably because the working memory is damaged. ¡ Identifying working memory damage will flag difficulties in daily living. 5 1 -646 -825 -9080

Other damage to working memory l Strokes l Schizophrenia l Dyscalculia 6 1 -646 -825 -9080

Solution: Memory Scope l Measures user’s ability to recall sets of displayed integers and signals user when it detects AD-specific-recall patterns. l Integers are 21 -98 and avoid easy-toremember numbers like 50 or 88 and numbers that are close (patent application submitted) l Simple design means that it will not need new batteries for years. l Hand-held device with large-print friendly to seniors. l Easy to wipe off. l TUT test patent pending – needs lawyer time 7 1 -646 -825 -9080

Competition l Computer tests ¡ Online ¡ i. Pad ¡ Software l Me. Mo advantage ¡ Always on and ready. ¡ No need to figure out how to get to the particular computer program or app ¡ Saves time ¡ No language needed – works on diverse populations 8 1 -646 -825 -9080

Sales and Marketing l Sales & marketing: Copy stethoscope strategy l Customers: ¡ 200, 000 primary care physicians ¡ 67, 000 pharmacies (make sure patients can follow instructions) ¡ 28, 000 assisted living facilities ¡ DIY people l FDA will not approve any computer test as an aid in diagnosis of Alzheimer’s 9 1 -646 -825 -9080

Forecast l Assumptions § 10% of primary physicians, pharmacies and assistant living facilities buy it every year § Selling Price is $175 § Marketing and Administrative Cost is $10 § Distribution Cost is $7 § Production Cost is $5 10 1 -646 -825 -9080

Forecast (continued) Yearly # of customers 30, 000 Sales ($175/unit) $5 million Marketing and administrative costs ($10/unit) Distribution costs ($7/unit) Production costs ($5/unit) $300, 000 $210, 000 $150, 000 Potential profit $4 million 11 1 -646 -825 -9080

Team l Eugen Tarnow § Ph. D from Massachusetts Institute of Technology § Author of Numerous Papers on Topics Including Physics, Neuroscience, Management Science, and Publication Ethics l Edward Reep § Bachelor of Science in Supply Chain and Marketing Science from Rutgers University § Consults on Projects at Avalon Business Systems 12 1 -646 -825 -9080