Climate Change mitigation Initiatives Energy policy in compliance

Climate Change mitigation Initiatives: Energy policy in compliance with UNFCC and Kyoto targets Dina Bērziņa University of Latvia, ASI, Raiņa blvd. 19, Rīga, Latvia;

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC – 1992 ) n Sets an ultimate objective stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

Kyoto Protocol to the UN FCCC (1997) n Party Quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment (percentage of 1990 year) Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Canada 108 92 92 92 94 95 Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy 92 92 94 110 92 92 Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Slovakia 101 94 92 92 100 92 Japan 94 Slovenia 92 Denmark 92 Latvia 92 Spain 92 Estonia 92 Lithuania 92 Sweden 92 European Community 92 Luxembourg 92 Ukraine Finland 92 Netherlands France 92 New Zealand 92 United Kingdom 100 USA 100 92 Croatia Czech Republic 92 93

Kyoto Protocol - implementation n In the Kyoto Protocol (1997) the EU-15 assumed an obligation to obtain an 8% reduction in its greenhouse emissions by 2008/12 relative to 1990 European Environment Agency (EEA)

EU Commissioner for Energy moved forward three goals for energy policy: n competitiveness; n sustainability; n security; Andris Piebalgs European CO 2 Capture and Storage Conference, Brussels, 13 April 2005

Power generation in the EU (1) n EU enlargement means new challenges for the energy market; n By 2020 EU will need to install 100 000 MW extra and 200 000 MW to replace for age reason EC, European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030

Power generation in the EU (2) n By 2020 EU will need to install 100 000 MW extra and 200 000 MW to replace for age reason EC, European Energy and Transport Trends to 2030

Energy consumption n World Energy Outlook 2004 shows that global energy consumption will rise by 60% in 2030 Accordingly CO 2 emission will increase from preset 24 bn t to 38 bn t. The annual growth rates for primary energy consumption will be 1. 8% and for power consumption and generation – 2. 5% World Energy Outlook 2004

n Objective Energy in FP 7 (1) Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one based on a diverse portfolio of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to address the pressing challenges of security of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of Europe’s energy industries n Rationale The urgency to develop adequate and timely solutions is justified by the alarming trends in global energy demand, the need to curb dramatically emissions of greenhouse gases to mitigate the devastating consequences of climate change, the damaging volatility of oil prices

Energy in FP 7 (2) n Activities 1. Hydrogen and fuel cells; 2. Renewable electricity generation ; 3. Renewable fuel production; 4. Renewables for heating and cooling; 5. CO 2 capture and storage technologies for zero 6. 7. 8. 9. emission power generation; Clean coal technologies; Smart energy networks; Energy efficiency and savings; Knowledge for energy policy making

Climate Change Mitigation Programme in Latvia 2005 – 20010 (1) Ministru kabineta 2005. gada 6. aprīļa rīkojums Nr. 220 “Par Klimata pārmaiņu samazināšanas programmu 2005. - 2010. gadam” n Priorities in the energy sector related to climate change mitigation: 1. raise of energy efficiency, 2. design of ecologically acceptable transport system, 3. implementation of best available and cleaner technologies.

Climate Change Mitigation Programme in Latvia 2005 – 20010 (2) n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Activity scope to meet climate change mitigation: increase of renewable resources in energy sector, increase of energy usage efficiency, development of environmentally sound transport system, promotion of best available and cleaner technologies usage, promotion of environmentally safe agricultural technologies without direct GHG emissions, increase of CO 2 attraction in forestry, development of comprehensive waste management system by capture of biogas in landfills, participation in trading of emission quotas and other Kyoto mechanisms, promote enforcement of environmental management