Cleanliness
Bathing ► An upper-class woman in 1799 tells her journal, “I am gathering the courage to try the family shower, ” although they have owned it for over a year.
► In Washing Essex County, MA, not a single record of a washstand has been found before 1763. ► By 1850, the basin, pitcher, and washstand are standard fixtures in a middle-class bedroom.
Trash ►From throwing household trash out the window, people began depositing it in hidden pits in the yard.
Civilization ► Early nineteenth century medical wisdom: “The more a country is civilized, the more they consult this part of politeness”— cleanliness.
American obsession ► “It were better to wash twenty times a day, than to allow a dirty spot to remain on any part of the skin” 1840 s ► “he who neglects his person and dress will be found lower in the scale of morals, other things being equal, than he who pays due regard to cleanliness” 1830 s
► Cleanliness “is an emblem, if not a characteristic, of purity of thought and propriety of conduct” 1844 ► “One drop” of African blood kept a person from being white
Washing ► Herman Melville, Moby Dick: “As though a white man were anything more dignified than a whitewashed negro” ► Ralph Waldo Emerson: “We may yet find a rosewater that will wash the negro white”
1930 s Ivory Soap
1942 Ivory Soap
1940 s: “B. O. ” is invented
1960 s
But slaves…(according to owners) habits of the ►“I would not negro are filthy and if I could give careless” ► Slaves “should not be you or any permitted in these friend of mine filthy, though very natural, propensities” an idea of ► They are a [this slave “proverbially filthy house’s] race” ► “The fetidness”
Make-up ► In the nineteenth century: ► “Face-painting” represented deceit: everyone should be able to read your emotions from your blush, and your social class from your pale skin.
What was allowed: ►Lotions, creams, and powders ►Skin whiteners ► But: ►One wearing face paint (make-up) was immoral or ridiculous; she was pretending to be higher class
After the Civil War ►Lower-class women (usually) using lead-based face paint, but of course denying it to doctors, sometimes died of lead poisoning
Complexions ►White skin was the style before the 1920 s, but it was not allowed to be achieved through cosmetics. ► Journals mocked lower-class women wearing white make-up: “It is quite funny to see that smeared smooth white face, and red wrists emerging from one button pale gloves”
Still in the 1850 s… ►When African-Americans wore make-up, it was viewed as an attempt to look “white” ►A journal states that these “Beautiful black and brown faces…assume unnatural tints, like the vivid hue of painted corpses”
In the twentieth century (1940 s)
1960 s
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http: //www. crazynet. org. uk/women/ history. htm
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