Clean Sea Net The EU satellite service for

Clean. Sea. Net: The EU satellite service for monitoring and surveillance of illegal oil discharges Samuel Djavidnia European Maritime Safety Agency Samuel. Djavidnia@emsa. europa. eu

Legal basis Mandated by Directive 2005/35/EC of 7 September 2005 on Ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements (entered into force on 1 March 2007) Article 10 Accompanying measures 2. In accordance with its tasks as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002, the European Maritime Safety Agency shall: (a) work with the Member States in developing technical solutions and providing technical assistance in relation to the implementation of this Directive, in actions such as tracing discharges by satellite monitoring and surveillance; (b) assist the Commission in the implementation of this Directive, including, if appropriate, by means of visits to the Member States, in accordance with Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002. 2

Scope & benefits of EMSA satellite service • European system for detecting oil slicks at sea using satellite surveillance on request of the Commission and all EU and EFTA. • Links into national/regional response chain & strengthens operational pollution surveillance & response for accidental spills: Ø Routine monitoring of European seas for illegal discharges in cooperation with Coastal States; Ø Support in case of an accidental spill; Ø Investigation of pollution ‘hot spots’ and development of statistics. • Sustainability • Cost Sharing Ø Reduced price for a large amount of images • Cooperation Ø Mutual benefits for coastal states Ø Sharing of images and aerial surveillance • European standardised service Ø All European waters: comprehensive information & easy to compare 3

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing 4

Clean. Sea. Net users • 23 Coastal States are currently part of the Clean. Sea. Net service: Ø Baltic Sea: FI, SE, EE, LV, LT, PL, DK, DE Ø North Sea: DE, DK, NO, UK, NL, BE Ø Atlantic: UK, IE, FR, ES, PT Ø Black Sea: BG, RO Ø Mediterranean Sea: ES, FR, IT, SI, MT, CY, EL Ø NW Atlantic: UK Ø Norway North: NO 5

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; 6 • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing

Synthetic Aperture Radar – SAR Image • Satellite in use: Ø ENVISAT Ø RADARSAT (1+2) Ø (ERS 2) • Future missions: Ø ALOS Ø Terra. SAR Ø Cosmo-Skymed Ø Sentinel 1 a… 7

Satellite maximum service area 8

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing 9

Clean. Sea. Net: network Svalbard Tromsø Grimstad 10 Fucino Benevento Azores (from 2008) Matera

CSN Processing & Oil Analysis • ENV & RS 1 Raw data -> L 0 -> L 1 16 bits Ø ENV Wide. Swath: 400 x 400 km, 150 m resolution Ø RS 1 Scan. SAR Narrow: 300 x 300 km, 75 m resolution • Wind & wave processing: SARToo. L • AIS Integration • (Vessel detection) • Oil analysis: visual / semi-automatic technique (Tromso -KSAT, Matera-Telespazio and Lisbon-Edisoft) 11

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing 12

CSN product Clean. Sea. Net service Alert Notification by email, Tel, SMS, to the responsible Coastal State and neighbouring countries; Oil report for oil spill detected & clean sea Web browser Low res SAR image, oil report, wind, wave, AIS, plus other layers Database EMSA keeps all information (geotiff high & low res, xml, gml and verification response included, in a database for: - supporting Member States collecting evidence - producing statistics Within 30 min after satellite overpass (penalties for satellite operators after 30 min)

CSN Web Portal 14

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing 15

Feedback & verification © Italian Coastguard aerial verification EMSA Clean. Sea. Net RADARSAT-1 2007 -10 -07 16 Oil spills ©MDA/CSA/EMSA 2007

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; Ø Timeliness Ø Completeness Ø Quality • 7. Post-processing 17

Service cycle: Clean. Sea. Net: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing 18

Post processing • Emergency management, support & reporting (e. g. Kerch Strait); • Mapping & integration with ancillary data: Ø Ø Navigation data Optical r/s data Ocean colour SST • Analyse datasets, perform statistics and disseminate reports to EC, EU bodies and MS 19

Clean. Sea. Net Examples (i) 20 EMSA Clean. Sea. Net RADARSAT-1 2007 -10 -07 03: 52 UTC

Clean. Sea. Net Examples (ii) Confirmed oill spill off the coast of Catalunya EMSA Clean. Sea. Net ENVISAT-ASAR 2007 -11 -22 09: 58 UTC Low wind area 18 km Possible polluter vessel © ESA (European Space Agency) /EMSA 2007 21

Clean. Sea. Net Operational Support Emergencies: New Flame To monitor the New Flame incident (Sept. 07), EMSA specifically ordered ENV & RS 1 scenes and issued Clean. Sea. Net briefings to the Spanish Authorities (SASEMAR), to DG ENV (MIC) and DG TREN 22

CSN: the international institutional context • Development of the service: Ø European Space Agency (ESA): MARCOAST, Data Access Ø Joint Research Centre (JRC - European Commission) • Operational cooperation (emergency): Ø MIC, DG Environment, European Commission Ø International Charter on Space and Major Disasters – The ‘Charter’ is a mechanism to co-ordinate space based data acquisition and delivery to those affected by a natural or man made disaster anywhere in the world (earthquakes, floods, fires. . ) – Charter Members –CSA, CNES, ESA, NOAA, JAXA, ISRO… – In the case of a large oil spill in European waters, EMSA will be the focal point for producing Charter Products, e. g. Strafjord-A Platform accident in Norway, Dec. 07. 23

Improvement & further developments of CSN: Cooperation with JRC • JRC provides R&D support to EMSA related to oil pollution and is currently developing: Ø Fully automatic oil spill identification system Ø Study on the operational use of optical imagery (MODIS) for oil spill detection Ø Environmental ancillary probability maps as an overlay to Clean. Sea. Net products Several MODIS products showing algae blooms Source: http: //spg. ucsd. edu/

Clean. Sea. Net: service development • In-house capability of combination with AIS (SRIT) (2008). AIS Mediterranean regional server • Capability of forecasting and hindcasting of spill drift, aging of spills (2008) • Correlation of vessel tracks and spill movements needed • EMSA service might be the first operational end-to-end service for Member States under GMES • Service could be further developed for vessel detection/identification by satellite • Long Range Identification & Tracking ? 25

Clean. Sea. Net: Advanced products 10: 00 Combination of - Satellite detection - Spill drifting 9: 00 10: 00 8: 00 - Vessel tracking 9: 00 26 7: 00 8: 00 10: 00 9: 00 8: 00 7: 00

Clean. Sea. Net web portal: http: //cleanseanet. emsa. europa. eu First test image Clean. Sea. Net c) CSA/MDA/EMSA Radarsat 11/04/2007 Samuel. Djavidnia@emsa. europa. eu 27