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Civics and Economics Review Questions Mrs. A. Le. Roux
What are the four fundamental political principles that have shaped government in the United States? • Limited Government • Popular Sovereignty or consent of the governed • Separation of Powers • Federalism
What does “Consent of the Governed” mean? • People are the source of the governments power
What is Limited Government? • Government is not all-powerful and may do only those things people have given it power to do
What does Separation of Powers mean? • Power divided between three branches of government
What is Federalism? • Power is shared between the national government and state governments
What are the Charters of the Virginia Company? • Rights of Englishmen are guaranteed to the Colonists
What is the Virginia Declaration of Rights? • Served as a model for the Bill of Rights of the Constitution
What are the Articles of Confederation? • Established the first form of government for the states after the Revolutionary War • Power stays with the states • Weak Central Government
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? • Congress had no power to tax • Congress had no power to enforce law
What is the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom? • Individuals have freedom of religious beliefs and opinions
What is the United States Constitution? • Establishes the structure of the United States government
What is the Bill of Rights? • Guarantees the rights of the people
What is the Preamble? • The introduction to the Constitution that expresses the people have the right to rule themselves
What are the four main goals of the Preamble? • • To form a more perfect union to establish justice to ensure domestic peace to provide defense
What does the 14 th Amendment say? • All person’s born or naturalized in the United States are citizens and shall receive equal protection under the law
How may a person become a citizen of the United States? • Birth • Naturalization
What are the five basic freedoms of the First Amendment? • • • Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Press Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Petition
List four duties of a citizen. • • Obey laws pay taxes serve in the armed forces if called upon serve on a jury or as a witness in court
What are some responsibilities of citizens? • • • Vote communicate with government officials volunteer participate in political campaigns respect rights of others
What are some good traits of citizens? • • Trustworthiness and honesty courtesy and respect for the rights of others respect for the law patriotism
What are four functions of political parties? • • Recruit and nominate candidates help candidates win elections monitor actions of office holders educate public about issues
What are four strategies for evaluating campaign speeches, literature, and advertisements for accuracy? • • Separation of fact from opinion detecting bias evaluating sources of information identifying propaganda
What are three qualifications to register to vote in the state of Virginia? • Must be a citizen of the United States • Must be a resident of Virginia • Must be 18 years of age
How can you register to vote in the state of Virginia? • In person at the registrar’s office • at the Division of Motor Vehicles • By mailing in an application
What are three factors in predicting which citizens will vote? • Education • Age • Income
Who selects the President and Vice President of the United States? • The Electoral College
What are three levels of government? • National • State • Local
What are the responsibilities of the national government? • Conduct foreign policy • regulates commerce
What are the primary responsibilities of the state governments? • Promote public health • promote public safety • promote public welfare
What are three branches of government? • Legislative • Executive • Judicial
How often does the Virginia legislature make a budget? • Every two years (biennial)
What is judicial review? • The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether or not a law is constitutional
What Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review? • Marbury v. Madison
What is the system of checks and balances? • Gives each of the three branches of government ways to to limit the powers of the other branches
List some examples of legislative powers over the executive branch. • Override vetoes • impeach a president
List one example of a legislative powers over the judicial branch. • Power to approve federal judges
List one example of an executive power over the legislative branch. • Veto bills of Congress
List one example of an executive power over the judicial branch. • Appoint federal judges
List one example of a judicial power over the executive and judicial branches of government. • Declare laws unconstitutional
What are two ways the Constitution of the United States can be ratified? • Action by the United States Congress or convention • Ratification by the states
What does bicameral mean? • Two house legislature (example the United States Congress)
What is normally the final step in a bill becoming a law? • President’s signature
What type of legislature is the Virginia Assembly? • Bicameral
What is the State of the Union Address? • Annual address to Congress outlining the President’s goals for the future
What are some ways the media influences our government? • Focusing public attention on selected issues • Holding government officials accountable for their actions
What is Lobbying? • Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill
What are some ways to influence government? • • Voting lobbying writing letters joining interest groups
What kind of cases are heard in Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court? • Juvenile and Family Matters
What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have? • Appellate and Original
What does Marbury v. Madison say? • Established the principle of judicial review
What is the highest authority in the land? • The Constitution
What is due process of the law? • The Constitution protects citizens against unfair government actions and laws
What is scarcity? • The inability to satisfy all wants
What are resources? • Factors of production that are used in the production of goods and services (example: trees, silver, water)
What is opportunity cost? • What is given up when a choice is made.
What is supply? • The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price.
What is demand? • The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price.
What is a command economy? • An economy in which the government owns all the property and resources (examples: CHINA and Former Soviet Union)
What is a mixed economy? • An economy in which the government and individuals are principle decision makers (examples: United States and Japan).
What is a Proprietorship? • A form of business organization with one owner.
What is a Partnership? • A form of business organization with two or more owners.
What is the Federal Reserve System? • Acts as a bank regulating the amount of money in circulation.