CITATION End-Text Reference ENG 221 END TEXT

CITATION (End-Text Reference) ENG 221

END –TEXT REFERENCE WHAT IS END-TEXT REFERENCE? • The second component of giving references is end-text reference, which provides a more detailed account of the sources that have been used in the essay.

What is the aim of giving end-text reference? To provide the reader with all the necessary information in case they want to make use of the same source.

Where do we place end-text reference in the essay? • As you can understand from the name, endtext reference is listed under the title “References” at the end of your essay.

EXERCISE • Exercise 14, page 47

BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING ENDTEXT REFERENCE • The list of works should be arranged alphabetically by the author’s surnames. • The title of the reference list should be “References” and should be centered on the page. • The reference list should begin on a new page.

BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING ENDTEXT REFERENCE • The entries should be double-spaced. The first line should be flushed with the left margin, and all subsequent lines should be indented five spaces from the left margin. EXAMPLE: Cox, K. , & Hill, D. (2004). EAP now! English for Academic Purposes: Teacher’s Book. New South Wales, NSW: Pearson and Longman. Indented

BOOK WITH ONE WRITER Author’s surname Initials of the author’s first name Year of Publication Name of the book Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of power. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc. City of publication CANKAYA UNIVRSITY - FOREIGN LANGUAGES- ENGLISH UNIT Publisher of the book

BOOK WITH ONE WRITER • As end-text reference: Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of Power. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc. HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE? • As in-text reference: (Ayling, 1966, p. 56)

BOOK WITH TWO WRITERS • As end-text reference Oshima, A. , & Hogue, A. (1983). Writing academic english. Massachutes: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE? • As in-text reference (Oshima & Hogue, 1983, p. 85)

BOOK WITH THREE or MORE WRITERS • List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand. Hughes, R. L. , Ginnett, R. C. , & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5 th ed. ). Singapore: Mc. Graw-Hill.

How do you cite this book in the text? Hughes, R. L. , Ginnett, R. C. , & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5 th ed. ). Singapore: Mc. Graw-Hill. The first time it is mentioned? (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2006, p. 34) From the second time onwards? (Hughes et al. , 2006, p. 34)

Book – chapter in edited book Helber, L. E. , (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds. ), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp. 105 -113). Chichester, England: John Wiley. The author and chapter title come first, followed by the editors and book title. The page numbers of the chapter are also required.

BOOK WITH EDITOR(S) Samovar, L. A. , & Porter, R. E. (Eds. ). (1997). Intercultural communication: A reader (8 th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

WHAT DO THESE COLORS SHOW? Helber, L. E. , (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds. ), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp. 105113). Chichester, England: John Wiley. Author’s name ? Book name ? Year of ? publication Page ? numbers Chapter title ? Place of ? publication Editors’ ? names Publisher ?

CHAPTER or ARTICLE in a BOOK Surname of the writer Book’s year of publication Name of the article Name of the book’s editors King, M. L. (2007). Three ways of meeting oppression. In S Bachmann, & M. Barth (Eds. ), Between worlds: A reader, rhetoric and handbook (5 th ed. ). (pp. 237 -240). New York: Pearson – Longman. page numbers of the article As in-text reference: (King, 2007, pp. 237 – 238) Name of the book How many times the book has been edited

ARTICLE in a JOURNAL Name of writers Journal’s year of publication Name of the article Name of the journal Lewis, C. , & Robinson W. (2005). The authoritarian personality. The Journal of Psychology, 40 (4), 470 – 501. Volume number of the journal Issue number of the journal As in-text reference: (Lewis & Robinson, 2005, p. 471) page numbers of the article

INTERNET ARTICLE Author’s surname Date of publication / release on the Web Name of the article Mango, A. (2000, September 24). Atatürk in his lifetime and today. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from http: //www. ataturksociety. org/asa/voa/mango. html Date when the article was accessed As in-text reference: (Mango, 2000, para. 3) Web address of the site where the article was found

• You are not expected to memorize the conventions of end-text referencing; when you need to prepare a reference list, refer to; a. b. c. Pages 68 -70 in your pack The Publication Manual of the APA www. apa. org DON’T WORRY!

EXERCISE • Exercise 15, page 49

EXERCISE

• Chapter or article in a book: • Fontana, A. & Frey, J. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds. ), Handbook of qualitative research. (pp. 361 -376). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

EXERCISE

• An article in a journal: • Rogers, G. (1999). Reflections on teaching remote and isolated children. Education in Rural Australia, 9 (2), 65 -68.

EXERCISE

• A book: • Gilbert, R. & Gilbert, P. (1998). Masculinity goes to school. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

EXERCISE

• An internet article: • Rothkop, D. (2007, February 24). In Praise of Cultural Imperialism? Effects of Globalization on Culture. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from http: //www. globalpolicy. org. /glabaliz/cultur al/globalcult. htm