CIGRE Study Committee B 5 PS 2

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CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Preferential Subject 2 Specification and Evaluation of Substation Automation Systems Special Report Summary Steven A. Kunsman (USA) Special Reporter Calgary, Canada (15 -Sept-2005) Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Report Overview Preferential Subject 2 addresses Substation Automation (SA) Systems specification and bid evaluation process Fifteen papers from eight countries Special Report develops five main categories: ØProcess and experience of SA Systems Specifications ØPrivatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications ØFirst experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications ØApplications and test methods of SA Systems ØTrends in SA Systems (functional consolidation) Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper # Title B 5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS FR 01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS FR 02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … IN 01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … RO 01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Author(s) B 5 -WG 18 Bongrain, … Leitoff, … Patki, … Gal, … ØCIGRE Study Committee B 5 -WG 18 report summary of SA System specification and evaluation of bid offerings Øbased on utility and vendor experiences ØDescribes fundamental components required in the preparation of a comprehensive SA System specification: ØSpecify functionality and not definition of the solution ØIdentity critical performance criteria ØProject execution is as important as the technical solution ØNeed for bid evaluation Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper # Title B 5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS FR 01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS FR 02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … IN 01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … RO 01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Author(s) B 5 -WG 18 Bongrain, … Leitoff, … Patki, … Gal, … ØUtility experience in specification process and deployment of an automation system ØChallenge was to make the specification: ØEasy to understand ØRemain on a functional level and not define solutions ØProvide a means to test the implemented functionality ØBenefits realized in the formal specification process: ØFewer efforts in development and test ØReuse of the formal specification for future projects ØBetter understanding of the application by suppliers ØLong term value through reuse Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper # Title B 5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS FR 01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS FR 02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … IN 01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … RO 01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Author(s) B 5 -WG 18 Bongrain, … Leitoff, … Patki, … Gal, … ØUtility method for developing an SA System functional specification for medium and high voltage substations ØDecomposition and functional analysis of an existing electromechanical/static protection and control system ØFunctional analysis used to define the functional requirements for new SA System specification ØMethod reviewed safety and maintenance related activities to provide additional aspects of the functional specification Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper # Title B 5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS FR 01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS FR 02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … IN 01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … RO 01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Author(s) B 5 -WG 18 Bongrain, … Leitoff, … Patki, … Gal, … ØUtility specification process for new centralized control concept ØEvaluation of installed system architecture and performance ØDifferent ages and versions commissioned over 15 years ØAudit/assessment of current functionality ØMigration of solution towards open architectures ØImplementation based on standard-based protocols Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper # Title B 5 201 Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS FR 01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS FR 02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis … IN 01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance … RO 01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment Author(s) B 5 -WG 18 Bongrain, … Leitoff, … Patki, … Gal, … ØUtility practical experience gained during specification process ØFunctionality to achieved (derived from the single lines) ØPerformance requirements (communication, time-sync, reliability, availability, maintainability, security and expandability) ØConstraints for process and communication interfaces and physical limitations ØResulting specification major sections: ØFunctionality and allocation of functions, ØProtection and control architecture ØSystem performance and system constraints Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Paper # Title AU 01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment DE 01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes … Author(s) Orlowski, . . . Ludwig, … ØUtility issues related to power system communication infrastructure impact and utilization due to the privatization and separation of the utility’s distribution and transmission entities ØLack of Funding ØNeed to invest significant cost to upgrade old communication infrastructures ØLegacy communication systems are left in place for existing functionality and operate co-existent with modern systems ØHigh costs to operate legacy infrastructure ØIncreased maintenance cost, difficult to find spare components, and decreased availability. Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Paper # Title AU 01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment DE 01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes … Author(s) Orlowski, . . . Ludwig, … ØUtility experience and de-regulation factors that have caused change in the substation control system requirements ØInfrastructure investments highly scrutinized ØHigh value on integration of new functions and applications ØReduction of costs ØIncreased reliability ØIncreased use of standards and commercially available components ØEase of integration ØSignificant reduction of component costs Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications Paper # Title CH 01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS DE 02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway ES 01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing … Author(s) Brand, … Wong, … Torres, … ØSupplier experiences in customer IEC 61850 SA Systems specifications ØSpecification requirements and supplier interpretation may not provide a solution fulfilling the intended specification ØDependant on knowledge of IEC 61850 ØFrom a functional perspective, IEC 61850 does not differ from traditional SA System Specifications ØIEC 61850 is a means for different and potentially cost-effective solutions Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications Paper # Title CH 01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS DE 02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway ES 01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing … Author(s) Brand, … Wong, … Torres, … ØSupplier experiences and benefits of IEC 61850 ØSAS specification and design based on IEC 61850 was simplified ØStandardized application function (Logical Nodes) ØElimination of protocol converters ØFewer components count in the SAS ØMain benefits ØReduce complexity ØCosts savings in specification, design, implementation and commissioning of SA Systems Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications Paper # Title CH 01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS DE 02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway ES 01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing … Author(s) Brand, … Wong, … Torres, … ØUtility specification process experience in new IEC 61850 based SAS ØIntended to be standard design for at least the next 10 years ØMain motivation for an IEC 61850 based systems to: ØAchieve manufacturer interoperability ØRealize advanced engineering process and maintenance procedures ØProcess contributors from past experience and improvement recommendation from all organization with previous involvement in SAS ØEngineering, telecontrol, protection, maintenance and operations ØSignificant investment needed for the development of the specification ØCost to be recovered through improvements in required engineering efforts and maintenance facilities Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper # ES 02 207 US 01 213 US 02 214 US 03 215 Title Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS IEEE C 37. 115 -2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation … Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System Author(s) Montoya Kezunovic Holstein, … Vandiver, … ØOverview of a substation automation control system application ØUse of modern IEDs and the benefits of digital technology ØMain advantages of the automated substation system are: ØControl from remote location ØReduction of wiring ØImproved maintenance and operations applications ØImproved reliability from functional consolidation Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper # ES 02 207 US 01 213 US 02 214 US 03 215 Title Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS IEEE C 37. 115 -2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation … Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System Author(s) Montoya Kezunovic Holstein, … Vandiver, … ØRequirements for automated Substation Monitoring System (SMS) ØMain issues being solved in this SMS requirement: ØData collected from various IEDs lack verification and can result in erroneous calculations ØOperators inability to effectively extract the required information due to amount and format of data ØFunctions described in this solution are: ØCircuit breaker monitor analysis, fault recording analysis, power quality analysis, two-stage state estimation, system wide fault analysis with fault location, switching sequence verification Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper # ES 02 207 US 01 213 US 02 214 US 03 215 Title Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS IEEE C 37. 115 -2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation … Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System Author(s) Montoya Kezunovic Holstein, … Vandiver, … ØDescribes a standard method for the test and evaluation of communication messages in SA Systems as defined in IEEE C 37. 1152003 ØEvaluation criteria, performance measures and test scenarios for components used in the SA System solution ØStandard test scenarios illustrated as an example of the application based evaluation Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper # ES 02 207 US 01 213 US 02 214 US 03 215 Title Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS IEEE C 37. 115 -2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation … Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System Author(s) Montoya Kezunovic Holstein, … Vandiver, … ØDescribes test requirements and applications for functional testing of IEC 61850 based SA Systems ØStation bus level IEC 61850 -8 -1 ØProcess bus level IEC 61850 -9 -2 ØStandardization of Substation Configuration Language IEC 61850 -6 also supports automatic testing of SA systems Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation) Paper # Title FR 03 210 20 Years of Substation Automation Systems: changes analysis … Author(s) Hossenlopp ØReports on changes in future substation automation systems ØMajor drivers in electric utility are compliance with regulatory bodies, power system reliability and bottom line profit ØTwenty years of functional consolidation through advances in technology and multi-function Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) ØSmaller panels than discrete protection and control systems ØTechnology evolution and new product introduction based on IEC 61850 will only continue the process of functional consolidation ØLower component count ØReduction in wiring interconnects Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Onto Questions. . Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specification process depends on input from many users of the SA System. ØHow does the specification team value this input and prioritization requirements? ØWhat are the experiences in the utilities with the tender evaluation process? Along with the capability of new technologies, specification and engineering of SA systems will also be influenced by new standards like IEC 61850. ØHow does the introduction of IEC 61850 impact the specification and engineering process? ØWill utilities allow for free allocation of functional elements in different devices to possibly maximize component costs savings? Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Demand on the communication infrastructure will continue to increase as the accessibility ease and additional valued information is demanded. ØHow should future communication infrastructure utilization/expansion be included in the SA System specifications? ØHow can these additional costs justified? Utility security is a major issue for systems as well as tools. As soon as systems are connected the corporate Intranet or network, the security vulnerability and threat potential increases. ØHow should the security aspects of the SCS and SA Systems be specified to provide the flexibility in use of commercial software (e. g. web browsers)? Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications Key points made for SA System Specification is the requested functionality of the substation application and the utility operational philosophies. IEC 61850 “standard” does not mean a single or standard solution is required to meet different utility requirements and operation philosophies. ØHow do the first IEC 61850 -based technical solutions differ? ØHow do the first experiences reflect on the interoperability goal? ØWhat are key factors required in specifications assuring interoperability without losing post-engineered device inter-changeability? Three types IEC 61850 utilities: Greenfield(new), Hybrid and retrofit (mixed SA Systems), Stay with present architecture. ØHow shall the “hybrid” or substation expansion projects specification take advantage and benefit from IEC 61850? ØHow can utilities that wait for proven experience in IEC 61850 take advantage of the IEC 61850 concepts in SAS specification? ØCan systems can be migrated to an IEC 61850 in the future? Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Migration to functional specification and the advancements in technology lead to complexity in the system making it very difficult to test. Some utility stated will rely on the vendor to assure functionality compliance. IEC 61850 -10 conformance does not include application or system level testing. ØHow can the features (e. g. Substation Configuration Language) be utilized to assure the maximum test coverage? ØCan the application test scenarios defined in IEEE C 37. 115 be used to assure maximum test coverage and provide validation of the SA System to the SAS specification? ØHow can this standard be used to accommodate application variations? Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

CIGRE Study Committee B 5 – PS 2 Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation) In many of the papers, the existing substation equipment is based on a collage of technologies from discrete devices (electromechanical) and control systems to proprietary SAS. ØHow to assure that SAS specification developed in 2005 allows future solutions to take advantage of future functional consolidation? ØHow does free allocation of functions according to IEC 61850 change the SAS physical configuration and its components? ØHow does the continued trend in functional consolidation influence the SA system engineering or re-engineering? Steven A. Kunsman (USA)

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