Chapters 22 24 and 16 Review Questions

Chapters 22, 24, and 16 Review Questions

Cardio-Thoracic l What structure is referred to as the “pacemaker of the heart”? l SA node

Cardio-Thoracic l Which portion of the heart receives the unoxygenated blood? l right atrium

Cardio-Thoracic l Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery? l right ventricle

Cardio-Thoracic l Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the aorta? l left ventricle

Cardio-Thoracic l The coronary arteries arise from the ____. l aorta

Cardio-Thoracic l The coronary veins empty into the ____. l coronary sinus

Cardio-Thoracic l Which artery supplies blood to the walls of the left atrium and ventricle? l circumflex

Cardio-Thoracic l Which structure is attached to the valvular cusps and prevents valves from swinging back into the atria? l chordae tendineae

Cardio-Thoracic l There are ____ pulmonary veins. l four

Cardio-Thoracic l Which structure prevents the trachea from collapsing? l hyaline cartilage

Cardio-Thoracic l The structure between an alveoli and bronchiole is the ____. l alveolar duct

Cardio-Thoracic l The microscopic air sacs clustered at the end of the bronchiole are the ____. l alveoli

Cardio-Thoracic l The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the ____. l hilum

Cardio-Thoracic l The right lung is divided into how many lobes? l three

Cardio-Thoracic l The heart lies ____. l slightly to the left within the mediastinum

Cardio-Thoracic l The heart is surrounded by the ____. l pericardium

Cardio-Thoracic l The cardiac cycle refers to the events taking place during a ____. l single heartbeat

Cardio-Thoracic l When does the fetal heart begin developing? l third week

Cardio-Thoracic l What is the most common congenital chest deformity? l pectus excavatum

Cardio-Thoracic l What medical term refers to the abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity? l pneumothorax

Cardio-Thoracic l An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart is known as a(n) ____. l ventricular septal defect

Cardio-Thoracic l Which surgical instrument is preferred for the removal of a foreign body in the bronchial tree of infants and children? l rigid bronchoscope

Cardio-Thoracic l Which surgical patient position is used for a lobectomy? l posterolateral

Cardio-Thoracic l Which intercostal space is entered for a thoracotomy? l fifth

Cardio-Thoracic l Which piece of equipment assumes the role of the heart and lungs while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass? l pump oxygenator

Cardio-Thoracic l For aortic cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass, the cannula is placed in the ____. l aorta

Cardio-Thoracic l What protects the heart from damage during cardiopulmonary bypass? l hypothermia

Cardio-Thoracic l Which mechanical device is designed for circulatory support after cardiac procedures? l intra-aortic balloon pump

Cardio-Thoracic l Which type of hemostatic agent is placed on each side of the sternum after a median sternotomy? l bone wax

Cardio-Thoracic l Into which portion of the heart is the cannula placed to achieve venous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass? l right atrium

Cardio-Thoracic l The parts of the sternum from superior to inferior are ____. l manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Cardio-Thoracic l What is the number of true ribs? l 7

Cardio-Thoracic l The trachea divides at the ____ into right and left bronchi. l carina

Cardio-Thoracic l Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the ____. l pulmonary veins

Cardio-Thoracic l Another name for the mitral valve is the ____. l bicuspid

Cardio-Thoracic l A normal adult heart rate averages ____ beats per minute. l 72

Cardio-Thoracic l The continuation of the umbilical vein is known as the ____. l ductus venosus

Cardio-Thoracic l After birth, with the elimination of placental circulation, which structure closes? l ductus arteriosus

Cardio-Thoracic l Symptomatic lesions of the mediastinum are malignant in ____% of all patients? l 60

Cardio-Thoracic l What percentage of all patients with carcinoma of the lung are cigarette smokers? l 90%

Cardio-Thoracic l Which is the most common complaint in the patient with a thoracic aorta aneurysm? l chest pain

Cardio-Thoracic l For the posterolateral position, the operating room personnel should have what available? l beanbag

Cardio-Thoracic l It is most important that while handling the lens with light cord, the STSR should not ____. l allow the lens with light cord to touch the drape

Cardio-Thoracic l atrioventricular bundle = l bundle of His

Cardio-Thoracic l Refers to a congenital deformity of the chest that is funnel-shaped…. l pectus excavatum

Cardio-Thoracic l bicuspid valve = l mitral valve

Cardio-Thoracic l A general term designating primary disease of the myocardium, often of obscure and unknown etiology…. l cardiomyopathy

Cardio-Thoracic l Characterized by an atrial and ventricular rate of 100 beats per minute or more…. l tachycardia

Cardio-Thoracic l Refers to a deformity of the chest wall that results in a prominent sternum …. l pectus carinatum

Cardio-Thoracic l The compression of the heart due to a collection of blood or fluid within the pericardium…. l cardiac tamponade

Cardio-Thoracic l Characterized by an atrial and ventricular rate of 60 beats per minute or less…. l bradycardia

Cardio-Thoracic l Used for closed water-seal drainage …. l Pleur-evac

Neurosurgery l The outermost layer of the meninges is the ____. l dura

Neurosurgery l A shallow groove on the brain is called a ____. l sulcus

Neurosurgery l The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a deep bridge of nerve fibers called the ____. l corpus callosum

Neurosurgery l A deep groove in the brain is called a ____. l fissure

Neurosurgery l The area that usually occurs in the left cerebral hemisphere and coordinates the complex muscular movements associated with speech is ____. l Broca's area

Neurosurgery l The left hemisphere is usually associated with ____. l analytical thought

Neurosurgery l Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral hemispheres are called the ____. l basal ganglia

Neurosurgery l The ____ serves as a relay station for sensory impulses by channeling them to appropriate regions of the cortex for interpretation. l thalamus

Neurosurgery l The structures within the ventricles that produce CSF are the ____. l choroid plexuses

Neurosurgery l The medulla oblongata controls breathing rhythm, heart rate and ______________. l Blood Pressure

Neurosurgery l Most CSF is produced within the ____ ventricle. l lateral

Neurosurgery l The aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct) connects the ____ ventricles. l third and fourth

Neurosurgery l The structure that extends from the level of the foramen magnum to the pons is the ____. l medulla oblongata

Neurosurgery l The ____ plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating a variety of visceral activities. l hypothalamus

Neurosurgery l The cerebellar hemispheres are joined in the midline by a structure called the ____. vermis l …. separated by a layer of dura mater called falx cerebelli, but joined…… l

Neurosurgery l The ____ is the largest of the cranial nerves and has three branches. l trigeminal

Neurosurgery l The ____ nerve supplies the muscles that act in adjusting the amount of light that enters the eyes. l oculomotor

Neurosurgery l The ____ nerve has autonomic motor fibers that supply the heart and a variety of smooth muscles. l vagus

Neurosurgery l The ____ nervous system functions independently and continuously without conscious effort. l autonomic

Neurosurgery l Leroy-Raney clips are used on ____. l scalp edges

Neurosurgery l The best way to control bleeding on the cut edges of bone is with ____. l bone wax

Neurosurgery l A ventricular shunt can be placed distally in the ____. l atrium or the peritoneal cavity

Neurosurgery l A congenital collection of abnormal vessels of the brain that increase in size with time best describes a(n) ____. l arteriovenous malformation

Neurosurgery l Which condition results from an obstruction of the flow of CSF, overproduction of CSF, or improper absorption of CSF? l hydrocephalus

Neurosurgery l Which condition results from a failure of the bony structures around the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development? l spina bifida

Neurosurgery l What are the 4 sequential steps that correctly outlines the procedure to turn a bone flap? l incision, raise muscle flap, perforator, craniotome

Neurosurgery l What is the best temperature for irrigation used on the brain? l body temperature

Neurosurgery l For a laminectomy with discectomy, the appropriate specimen is ____. l disk

Neurosurgery l What is the intraoperative purpose of a large-bore spinal needle during spinal procedures? l proper disk level identification through Xray

Neurosurgery l Which procedure involves the release of the median nerve from the transverse carpal ligament? l carpal tunnel release

Neurosurgery l A bulky dressing is used postoperatively for a carpal tunnel release to ____. l restrict movements of the wrist

Neurosurgery l Which type of suture would most likely be used to close the dura on an adult patient? l 4 -0 Neurolon

Neurosurgery l What bone forms portions of the base of the cranium, sides of the skull, and base and sides for the orbits? l sphenoid bone

Neurosurgery l The motor areas of the frontal lobes control ____. l voluntary muscle movements

Neurosurgery l What area of the brain is responsible for auditory comprehension? l Wernicke’s area

Neurosurgery l What is the largest structure of the basal ganglia of the brain? l corpus striatum

Neurosurgery l Which system is responsible for distinguishing between favorable or unfavorable outside stimuli? l limbic

Neurosurgery l What is the second largest structure of the brain? l cerebellum

Neurosurgery l The midbrain is located between the ____. l Diencephalon and pons l Diencephalon (encompasses the thalamus and hypothalamus) and Mid-brain, pons & Medulla Oblongata = Brain Stem

Neurosurgery l There are ____ bones in the cervical region. l seven

Neurosurgery l What are the lateral extensions of the pedicles in the spine called? l transverse processes

Neurosurgery l Which artery provides the brain with most of its blood? l internal carotid artery

Neurosurgery l What nerve controls the voluntary muscles of the pharynx, larynx, palate, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius? l accessory

Neurosurgery l Which term describes the organ of smell? l olfactory

Neurosurgery l Which malignant tumor of the brain usually cannot be totally excised? l gliomas

Neurosurgery l Which tumor is marked by loss of hearing, headache, vertigo, and facial pain? l acoustic neuroma

Neurosurgery l Cerebral aneurysms are typically found ____. l at points of bifurcation in the arteries of the circle of Willis

Neurosurgery l Brain hemorrhages are typically the result of ____. l uncontrolled hypertension

Neurosurgery l ____ are the most common of the slowgrowing intracranial neoplasms. l Meningiomas

Neurosurgery l During a craniotomy for aneurysm repair, ____ may be necessary to prevent vasospasm. l papaverine

Neurosurgery l Which procedure requires two Mayo stands to prevent contamination? l transphenoidal hypophysectomy

Neurosurgery l What can previous ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement cause? l small ventricles

Neurosurgery l What is an area of platelike thickening in the embryonic epithelial layer that contains ectoderm. l placode

Neurosurgery l Can be subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system…. l autonomic nervous system

Neurosurgery l covers the brain and spinal cord …. l meninges

Neurosurgery l Collection of arteries that give rise to the various branches supplying blood to the brain …. . l circle of Willis

Neurosurgery l Normally used to decompress a tumor…. . l CUSA

Neurosurgery l Connects the CNS to skin and skeletal muscles via the cranial and spinal nerves………. l somatic nervous system

Neurosurgery l Osteophyte? l bony spur

Neurosurgery l The space between bone and dura…. l epidural

Neurosurgery l A defect of the CNS in which a hernial sac containing a portion of the spinal cord, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through a congenital opening in the vertebral column …. l myelomeningocele

Ophthalmology l Bound anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the front of the iris is a space referred to as the ______________. l anterior chamber

Ophthalmology l Aqueous humor is found in the ____. l anterior chamber

Ophthalmology l The substance found in the posterior chamber is called the ____. l vitreous humor

Ophthalmology l The ____ is an intrinsic muscle of the eye. l ciliary body

Ophthalmology l The term used to describe the location behind the globe is ____. l retrobulbar

Ophthalmology l The outermost tunic of the eyeball is called the ____. l sclera

Ophthalmology l Deviation of the position of the eye is called _______. l Strabismus

Ophthalmology l A small lump on the inner or outer surface of the eyelid caused by an inflammatory reaction of material trapped inside an oil-secreting gland is called a(n) __________. l chalazion

Ophthalmology l An opacity of the crystalline lens is referred to as a(n) ____. l cataract

Ophthalmology l A person who completely lacks cones suffers from _______. * l Ice Cream Withdrawal l color blindness

Ophthalmology l The innermost tunic of the eye is the ____. l retina

Ophthalmology l What regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil? * l tulip l iris

Ophthalmology l What condition is characterized by excess pressure of the aqueous humor? ** l May be treated with wacky tobackie! l glaucoma

Ophthalmology l What procedure is performed to open blocked tear ducts? l lacrimal duct dilation

Ophthalmology l Phacoemulsification is one method of _________. l removing an opaque lens

Ophthalmology l Recession or resection is the surgical treatment for ____. l strabismus

Ophthalmology l What instrument is used to remove the recipient cornea during keratoplasty? l trephine

Ophthalmology l What is the primary function of the lateral rectus muscles? l lateral eye movement

Ophthalmology l A wedge-shaped fibrovascular growth of conjunctiva that extends onto the cornea is called ________. l pterygium

Ophthalmology l Where are the lacrimal glands located? l within the upper eyelids

Ophthalmology l The nasolacrimal duct drains into the _______. l inferior meatus of the nose

Ophthalmology l Inflammation of the lacrimal sac is called _________. l dacryocystitis

Ophthalmology l Cryotherapy involves the use of ____. l cold

Ophthalmology l What pathology does the scleral buckle procedure treat? l retinal detachment

Ophthalmology l Why is dacryocystorhinostomy performed? l to establish a new pathway for tear drainage

Ophthalmology l Balanced salt solution (BSS) is used intraoperatively to ________. l irrigate the cornea

Ophthalmology l During extracapsular cataract extraction, the _____________ remains. l posterior capsule

Ophthalmology l What is the action of acetylcholine chloride? l to constrict the pupil

Ophthalmology l The process of phacoemulsification uses what type of energy to fragment a cataract? l ultrasonic

Ophthalmology l Why is it important to remove the powder from the gloves prior to performing or assisting with ophthalmic surgery? l to prevent corneal irritation

Ophthalmology l What is the purpose of placing a traction suture prior to cataract extraction? l to stabilize the globe

Ophthalmology l Which type of incision used for cataract extraction is self-sealing? l corneal

Ophthalmology l Why is hydroxyapatite used following enucleation? l to provide a base of support for the artificial eye

Ophthalmology l Betamethasone is what type of pharmacological agent? l anti-inflammatory

Ophthalmology l Vitrectomy requires the use of what piece of specialized equipment? l ocutome

Ophthalmology l The function of the inferior oblique muscle is to ____. (Page 578) l rotate the eye upward and away from the midline

Ophthalmology l The mucous membrane covering of the eye is called ____. l conjunctiva

Ophthalmology l Which structure is referred to as the “rainbow”? l iris

Ophthalmology l The cornea consists of ____ layers. l four

Ophthalmology l The sensory layer of the retina is made of ____. l photoreceptors

Ophthalmology l ____ is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. * l Squinting? l Glaucoma

Ophthalmology l Epiretinal membrane is a term used to describe ____. l scar tissue that forms over the macula

Ophthalmology l Mydriatics and cycloplegic drugs cause ____. l pupil dilation

Ophthalmology l Diuretics are used to ____. l reduce intraocular pressure

Ophthalmology l Decadron is a common ____. l steroid

Ophthalmology l The most common suture needle used for corneal suturing is ____. l spatula micropoint

Ophthalmology l The most common suture material used for intraocular lens fixation is ____. l polypropylene

Ophthalmology l Chromic suture maintains tensile strength approximately _____ days. l 10 to 14

Ophthalmology l Congenital ptosis is marked by ____. l dystrophy of the levator muscle

Ophthalmology l Entropion is a condition that affects the ____. l lower eyelid

Ophthalmology l The removal of a section of the iris to relieve the pressure buildup that occurs in individuals with glaucoma is called_____. l Iridectomy

Ophthalmology l Intraocular pressure is measured with a ____ prior to any incision. l tonometer

Ophthalmology l During what procedure may a patient receive an injection of intraocular gas to create pressure on the retina while subretinal fluid is reabsorbed and scars form? l scleral buckle

Ophthalmology l During a scleral buckling, a ____ may be used to secure the buckle in place. l Watzke sleeve

Ophthalmology l ____ sponges are the sponges of choice in Ophthalmic surgery l Weck

Ophthalmology l Corneal graft rejection may occur as late as ____ following transplant. l 20 years

Ophthalmology l What is another name for the traction suture? l bridal

Ophthalmology l A fragmatome is used ____. l to remove a cloudy lens, which obstructs the view of the retina.

Ophthalmology l the cornea ………. term l kerato-

Ophthalmology l Removal of the eyeball? l enucleation

Ophthalmology l Incision into the iris? l iridotomy

Ophthalmology l the eyeball: ……. . ** l “we are the world…. ” l globe

Ophthalmology l A cutting instrument used to cut a circular piece of tissue ……… l trephine

Ophthalmology l a swollen sebaceous gland in the eyelid l chalazion

Ophthalmology l used to coagulate tissue l diathermy

Ophthalmology