
cadd36eb4fcda28bd96aaff351b95e56.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 26
Chapter Congress
Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Congress n Congress • Independent representatives of their districts or states • Principal work is Representation and Oversight Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Copyright © 2013 Cengage
The Congress n n Bicameral (two chamber) legislature House of Representatives • 2 yr terms n Senate • 6 yr terms Library of Congress Most work done in congress is by committees and sub-committees Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Exclusive Powers n House; n Senate; Pick Pres if no maj for Electoral College, Initiates Impeachmnts, Starts all tax bills Jury in Impeachment, Ratifies Treaties, Confirms Pres appointments, confirms Judicial nominations (“Advise and Consent”) Copyright © 2013 Cengage
New York Public Library A cartoon from Puck in 1890 expressed popular resentment over the “Millionaires Club, ” as the Senate had become known. Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Who is in Congress? n Gender and Race n Incumbency • Marginal districts (Purple) • Safe districts (Gerrymandering) • Baker v Carr 1962 • Shaw v Reno 1993 n Wealth-over 180 millionaires, median net worth $450 K (rollcall. com) Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Source: Congressional Quarterly, various years Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) Speaker of the House ROD LAMKEY JR. /The Washington Times/Landov Capitol Building Washington DC Rex Features via AP Images Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Source: Adapted from chart based on Congressional Research Service and Military Officers Association data in John Harwood, “For New Congress, Data Shows Why Polarization Abounds, ” New York Times, March 6, 2011. Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Do Members Represent Their Voters? n n Representational View–members vote to please their constituents Organizational View–members vote to please fellow members of Congress Attitudinal View–members vote on the basis of their own beliefs Delegate vs Trustee Model Copyright © 2013 Cengage Keith Ellison (D. , MN), the first Muslim elected to Congress.
A Polarized Congress n n n A more ideological perspective has been brought to Congress’ most liberal members are Democrats. Congress’ most conservative members are Republicans. Copyright © 2013 Cengage
The Organization of Congress: Parties and Caucuses n n n Party Organization of the Senate Party Structure in the House The Strength of Party Structures Party Unity Caucuses Copyright © 2013 Cengage
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The Organization of Congress: Committees n n n Standing Committees Select Committees Joint Committees Conference Committees House Senate Copyright © 2013 Cengage
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Copyright © 2013 Cengage
AP Photo/Haraz N. Ghanbari Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La. , holds a photo of an oil covered pelican as he questions BP CEO Tony Hayward on Capitol Hill in Washington, June 17, 2010, during the House Overight and Investigations subcommittee hearing on the role of BP in the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. Copyright © 2013 Cengage
The Organization of Congress: Staff and Specialized Offices n n Tasks of Staff Members Staff Agencies • Congressional Research Service (CRS) • General Accounting Office (GAO) • Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) • Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Copyright © 2013 Cengage
How a Bill Becomes a Law Introducing a Bill n Study by Committee n • Hearings/Interest Groups Floor Debate – The House n Floor Debate – The Senate n Vote n Copyright © 2013 Cengage
How a Bill Becomes a Law Copyright © 2013 Cengage
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Reducing Power and Perks n Term Limits? • Incumbent success. . n n New Ethics Laws (“Self-Enforced) Pork-Barrel Legislation “earmarks” Franking Privilege Campaign donations Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Copyright © 2013 Cengage
Congress Pay (2016) n n n All Members $174, 000 Speaker $223, 000 Other Leadership $194, 000 n n COLA (cost of living adjustment) Jan 1 every year (CPI) Congress can vote to decline increase • Declined every yr since 2009 Copyright © 2013 Cengage