Chapter 9 Section 1 The Opposing Sides

Chapter 9 Section 1 The Opposing Sides

Advantages for the North What branch of the military had a strong tradition in the North? Navy How many of the naval officers came from the North? More than three-quarters

Advantages for the North How many of the nation’s shipyards remained in Union control? All but one remained under control of the Union What was the population of the North in 1860? About 22 million

Advantages for the North How did having a larger population help the North? Raising an army and supporting the war effort What did the North produce 90% of in industry? Clothing, boots, and shoes

Advantages for the North What did the North produce 94% of industry and what was this used for? Pig Iron, manufacturing weapons and equipment The North controlled the national treasury and continued to expect continued revenue from what? Tariffs

Advantages for the North What did many Northern banks hold and what did they do with their holdings? Large reserves of cash, lent to the government by purchasing bonds What did the North pass in February 1862 to help with the financial problems and what did this act allow the North to do? Legal Tender Act, allowed government to issue paper money

Advantages for the North What was the rate of inflation in the North? 80%

Advantages for the South How many officers resigned from the Union to join the Confederacy? 313 How many military colleges were in the U. S. and how many of them were in the South in 1860? 7 out of 8 in the country

Advantages for the South What type of crops did the South grow besides cash crops? Rice and corn What did the South want England to do? Recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent country, and provide military assistance to the South

Advantages for the South How did the South pressure England? Southern planters stopped selling their cotton to them until they recognized the Confederacy Explain the Trent Affair. Confederacy sent James Mason & John Slidell to France to negotiate on behalf of Confederacy. Traveled on British ship Trent which was intercepted by a Union ship. British upset that Union stopped one of their ships. British sent Union an ultimatum demanding release of the two confederates. Britain sent troops to Canada and strengthened their Atlantic fleet. Lincoln freed Mason and Slidell.

Disadvantages for the North What did people do because of their concern about the North’s ability to win the war? Withdrew gold & silver from the banks What could the banks not buy if they had no gold or silver? Government bonds

Disadvantages for the North What could the government not pay without the sale of bonds? Could not pay suppliers or troops What did Lincoln have to contend within his own party? Divisions within his own party

Disadvantages for the North What was Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the war? Preserve the Union, even if meant allowing slavery to continue What did the war democrats want? Supported the war to restore Union, but opposed ending slavery

Disadvantages for the North What did the peace democrats want? Opposed the war and called for reuniting the states through negotiation How did the Republicans view the Copperheads? traitors

Disadvantages for the North What is conscription? Forcing people into military service What did Congress pass in 1862 and how did the democrats react to it? Militia law requiring states to use conscription if they could not recruit enough volunteers. Democrats opposed law and riots erupted

Disadvantages for the North To enforce the militia law, Lincoln suspends what? Habeas Corpus What is Habeas Corpus? Refers to a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial. Requires government to charge a person with a crime or let them go free

Disadvantages for the North What can happen to a person if Habeas Corpus is suspended? Person can be imprisoned indefinitely without a trial Who did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus on? Anyone who openly supported the rebels or encouraged others to resist the militia draft

Disadvantages for the North Who did the Union not want to interfere with the war? Europeans What did the Union want European countries to respect? North’s blockade of Southern ports

Disadvantages for the South What was the population in the South in 1860? About 9 million How much of the South’s population was enslaved? One-third

Disadvantages for the South What problem did the South face after producing food? Ability to distribute the food How many Southern rail lines connected the western states to the Confederacy to the east? One line

Disadvantages for the South Why were most Southern planters unable to buy bonds? They were in debt What caused Southern banks not to be able to buy bonds? They were small and had few cash reserves

Disadvantages for the South How did the South hope to raise money? Taxing trade How did the North stop the South in the previous question? Union Navy blockaded Southern ports

Disadvantages for the South What did the Confederacy impose on property and farm products? New taxes What did many Southerners refuse to do? Refused to pay

Disadvantages for the South What happened to printed Confederate money? Became almost worthless What was the inflation rate of money in the South? 9, 000%