Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny focusing on the Mexican

Chapter 9 Manifest Destiny focusing on the Mexican American War Crash Course: War & Expansionism https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=tkd. F 8 p. OFUf. I

Mexican Independence v Took 13 years, finally achieved in 1821. Started with demands for self-gov’t and local uprisings. v 1810, a priest named Miguel Hidalgo, triggered a rebellion that spread throughout Southern Mexico. v Treaty of Cordoba officially granted Mexico its independence from Spain! v

Setting up for more problems… v Mexico opens up its border to trade with the USA. v Spain hadn’t allowed foreigners or foreign trade within border provinces. v Mexican Gov’t set two conditions. v Settlers had to convert to Catholicism and become Mexican citizens. v American traders saw an opportunity for profit in the Santa Fe in the province of New Mexico.

A closer look… The Battle of the Alamo Lasted 13 days. v Col Travis asked for help “to the people of Texas and all the Americans in the World. ” v Texans caused 1 -1, 600 causalities to Mexicans. v March 6 – Santa Anna made his way in. v v v He said, “take no prisoners” When the fighting stopped 180 Texas dead including leaders (Davy Crockett). v 15 people were spared, mostly women and children.

Election of 1844 v Annexing Texas was the HOT ISSUE!!! v Henry Clay opposed annexing it. v Didn’t want war with Mexico. <- James K. Polk supported annexing. - He also supported the reoccupation of the northern territory to gain northern support.

DECISION POINT Should the United States Annex Texas?

Election of 1844… what does it all mean? v James K. Polk wins (11 th President) v Expansionist & advocator of Manifest Destiny v Congress approves annexation. v Texas v One becomes 28 th state in the Union. month after Congress does this, Mexico breaks off all diplomatic relations.

War with Mexico Even if Mexico accepted the annex… v The border over Texas and Mexico remained a constant battle. v US claimed Rio Grande was official US/Mex border. v Mex said it was the Nueces River (few miles north). v v Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to try and buy New Mexico and California for $30 million! v Mexican gov’t didn’t even receive him, or hear his offer.

Troops are on the move… v Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to lead American forces into disputed territory. Attacked by Mexican forces, killed US troops. v Polk seized his chance! v v Angry at the “American blood on American soil”, Polk asked Congress to declare war. v Meanwhile…John C. Fremont leads troops into California in preparation to fight.

The Trouble with Texas May 1846 – US declares war on Mexico v South and West support war. v Northeast opposed it, called it the “war of conquest” v Henry David Thoreau, went to jail for not paying his taxes to support the war. v v His practice of passive resistance later influences Gandhi and MLK, Jr. v Polk’s war plan was to seize New Mexico and California. v Stephen Kearney led forces into Santa Fe… Took New Mexico without firing a shot! v Next… off to California! v

CA: The Bear Flag Revolt v v John C. Fremont led a rebellion against Mexican authority in California. Seized the Mexican leader Mariano Vallejo and threw him in jail. v v v Made a flag with a grizzly bear and a single star and declared California the Bear Flag Republic. 1846 – Kearney’s troops joined the Americans rebelling. 1847 – US controlled California.

Defeating Mexico v U. S. Forces invaded Mexico v Zachary Taylor led forces South from Texas v v Defeated Santa Anna’s troops Winfield Scott landed at Veracruz and moved inland toward Mexico City v v Killed 1, 000 Mexican soldiers and 100 cadets at Chapultepec 1847 – conquered Mexico City

Defeating Mexico v Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war Mexico accepted Rio Grande as its northern border v Mexico gave up a vast stretch of land between Texas and the Pacific Ocean that included present day states of California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona (Mexican Cession) v

Defeating Mexico… cont. v Gadsden Purchase (1853) – U. S. purchased strip of land across southern New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million v Completed the presentday southwestern boundary of the United States

Wilmot Proviso v Effect of Mexican American War: slavery debate Do we allow more slave states? v What about the balance of Congress? v v 1846 – a bill came before Congress to provide funds for negotiating with Mexico. v A Pennsylvania Democrat, David Wilmot, added this… v Slavery would not be permitted in any of the territory acquried from Mexico. v CONGRESS SAID HECK NO! v This showed the widening gap b/t the democratic slaveowning south, and the republican free north.

NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Understand Effects

The drama isn’t over… The California Gold Rush v v v v Sutter’s Mill 49 ers Boom town Ghost town Prejudice Chinese ½ million in California 1850 – v Applies to be a free state.

TRANSPARENCY Mining for Gold

California has enough people… they want to become a state. But… what about the balance of power?

CHART Clay’s Compromise of 1850

Fate of the Compromise of 1850 v Congress approves! v Southerners were not happy…but it brought a brief calm. v Fugitive Slave Act portion angered many Northerners. v Many feared that Pres. Zach Taylor would veto… v He died… so his VP Millard Fillmore became President.