Chapter 6 Religion The Cultural Landscape An Introduction

Chapter 6: Religion The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • ----- religions – Seek to appeal to all people • ----- religions – Appeal to a smaller group of people living in one place © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

World Distribution of Religions Figure 6 -3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • ---- religions – ----- • The largest world religion (about - billion adherents) – Many adherents in ---, the ----- • Three major branches – -----(51 percent) – ----(24 percent) – ----(11 percent) » Other, smaller branches of Christianity comprise 14 percent of all Christians © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of Christians in the United States Figure 6 -2 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • ------ religions – ---- • The second-largest world religion (about --billion adherents) – Significant clusters in the ----, and ----- • Core of Islamic belief = the ---- pillars • Two significant branches – ---- (83 percent) – -----(16 percent) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • ------ religions – ---- • About ---- million adherents (difficult to quantify) – Significant clusters in ---, ---t --- • The ----- Noble Truths • Three branches – Mahayana (----, ----) – Theravada (---- Asia) – Tantrayana (----, -----) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • ---- religions – ---- • The third-largest religion in the world (---million adherents) • --- percent of --- are found in India • Many paths to spirituality © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Are Religions Distributed? • Ethnic religions – Other ---- religions • • ---- (China) ---- (Japan) Judaism (today: the United States, Israel) – The first ----- religion • Ethnic African religions – ---- © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Ethnic Religions Buddhism Hinduism Figure 6 -5 Figure 6 -4 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Religions of the United States © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • Origin of religions – -----: precise origins, tied to a specific founder • ----– Founder: Jesus • ---– Prophet of Islam: Muhammad • ---– Founder: Siddhartha Gautama © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • Origin of religions – ----: unclear or unknown origins, not tied to a specific founder • -----– No clear founder – Earliest use of Hinduism = sixth century B. C. – Archaeological evidence dating from 2500 B. C. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • Diffusion of religions – Universalizing religions • ----– Diffuses via relocation and expansion diffusion • ----– Diffuses to North Africa, South and Southeast Asia • ---– Slow diffusion from the core © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Figure 6 -6 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • Limited diffusion of ethnic religions – ----- religions usually compete with ethnic religions – Examples of mingling: • ----- with African ethnic religions • ----- with Confucianism in China and with ----in Japan – Ethnic religions can diffuse with migration – Judaism = -----© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • ---- places – In universalizing religions • ----- shrines • ----- = associated with the life of Muhammad – In ---- religions • ---- = closely tied to the physical geography of India • Cosmogony in ----religions © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Figure 6 -17 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions? • The calendar – In ----- religions = ---- of the ---- • The ----- – In ---- religions = ---- of the ------- © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? • Places of worship – Many types: Christian -----, Muslim -----, Hindu ---, Buddhist and Shinto -----, Bahá’í ---- Figure 6 -19 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? • Sacred space – Disposing of the dead • ----- of disposing of the dead – Religious ------ © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Religious Toponyms Figure 6 -21 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Religions Organize Space in Distinctive Ways? • Administration of space – ----- religions • ----- – Locally ----- religions • ------ © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Roman Catholic Hierarchy in the United States Figure 6 -22 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise? • ---- versus ------ policies – ---- versus social change • ---- and Western values • ---- and social inequality – --- system – Religion versus ---- • Eastern ---- and ----- in the Soviet Union • ------ in Southeast Asia © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise? • Religion versus religion – -----– Religious wars in the ---- • ---- (Christians in Muslim lands) • ---- and ---- in Palestine © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distribution of Protestants in Ireland Figure 6 -23 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Two Perspectives on Palestine/Israel Figure 6 -26 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Israel’s “Separation Fence” Figure 6 -27 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

The End. Up next: Ethnicity © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.