CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Skeleton means

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System “Skeleton” means “dried up body” in Greek. Skeletal System = bones of the skeleton, joints, cartilages, and ligaments. Skeleton is divided into two sections: Axial skeleton = bones of longitudinal axis Appendicular skeleton = bones of limbs and girdles Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Functions of Bones 1. 2. 3. 4. Support (internal framework) Protection (of organs) Movement (with skeletal muscles) Storage (fat, minerals – especially calcium and phosphorus) Calcium comes and goes from bones continually as it is needed in the blood. 5. Blood Cell Formation (hematopoiesis) occurs in bone marrow

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Classification of Bones 1. Compact Bone = dense, smooth, homogeneous 2. Spongy Bone = made of small needlelike pieces of bone and open spaces

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Classification of Bones 1. Long Bones Longer than wide Head at each end Mostly compact bone Limb bones

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Classification of Bones 1. Short Bones Cube-shaped Spongy bone Ex. Wrist and ankle

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Classification of Bones 1. Flat Bones Thin, flattened, usually curved. Two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching spongy bone. Ex. Skull, ribs, and sternum.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Classification of Bones 1. Irregular Bones Don’t fit into other categories. Ex. Vertebrae, hip bones.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 114 Fig 5. 2) Epiphyseal ends Epiphyses = shaft of bone Diaphysis =plate = growth portion in youth Articular cartilage = shaft Periosteum = covers epiphyses Epiphyseal line hold periosteum to bone Sharpy’s Fibers = only in adults

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 114 Fig 5. 2) Red Marrow Infants: forms blood cells Adults: only in spongy bone of flat bones. Yellow Marrow Adults only.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 115 Table 5. 1) Bone Markings Categories: Projections (Processes) Grows out from bone surface. Depressions (Cavities) Indentations into the bone.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Microscopic Anatomy (See TXT pg 116 Fig 5. 3) Cavities in matrix Mature bone cells Circles of lacunae Lamellae surround it Central canal + matrix rings Canals connect all tissues Communication pathway

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Bone Growth (See TXT pg 117 Fig 5. 4) For this slide, you will receive a handout that accompanies the skeletal system interactive video. Vocabulary will be included in the handout. Skeletal System Interactive http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=B 7 D 2 D 569 -417 F-454 B-8490 -4681832950 A 5&bln. From. Search=1&productcode=US Bone Growth http: //highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/0072507470/student_view 0/chapter 6/animation__bone_growth_in_width. html

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System (See TXT pg 119 Table 5. 2) Types of Bone Fractures http: //video. about. com/orthopedics/Fractures-2. htm Fractures

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Fractures More Fractures online… Click-on Fracture Animations http: //www. argosymedical. com/Skeletal/ind ex. html

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Reduction = repair of fractures. Emergency procedures for broken bones http: //www. argosymedical. co m/Skeletal/samples/animation s/Broken%20 Bone/index. html Fractures

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System Fractures

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones (See TXT pg 120 Fig 5. 5) Stages of Healing: 1. 2. 3. 4. Hematoma Soft Callus Bony Callus Remodeling

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones (See TXT pg 121 Fig 5. 6) Axial Skeleton: Skull Vertebral column Bony thorax

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones (See TXT pg 122 Fig 5. 7) The SKULL Laterial View of the Skull

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones iews V eral r Lat kull e Oth of S Ancient man following skull surgery. This weird looking skull is the famous Starchild Skull that was found in 1930. The Starchild Skull was discovered in a mine tunnel about 100, 000 -year-old skull was found in a cave 100 in Qafzeh, Israel, of Chihuahua, Mexico along with several other miles southwest normal skeletons.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Anterior View of the Skull

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones r nterio ore A Skulls M ws of Vie 8 -13 yr old boy

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Sinus = air filled cavity Process = projection Foramen = hole or opening Suture = immovable fibrous joints between bones Condyle = rounded projection at the end of a bone that articulates with another bone Paranasal Sinuses

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Hyoid Bone Not part of skull. Only bone that does not interact directly with another bone. Suspended anchored by ligaments. Moveable base for tongue. Attachment point for swallowing. Aids in speech.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Fetal Skull Face is small compared to cranium. Skull overall is large for the body. Cranial bones connected by fontanels which harden post partem. http: //ect. downstate. edu/courseware/haonline/quiz/practice/u 5/quiztop 5. htm

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Vertebral Column Also called spine. Before birth = 33 vertebrae After birth = 24 vertebrae

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Vertebral Column Separated into 5 major sections: Cervical (neck) Thoracic (mid back) Lumbar (lower back) Sacrum (top of tail) Coccyx (tail bone) Scoliosis Animation http: //www. spinehealth. com/video/scoliosis-video-whatscoliosis

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Vertebral Column Intervertebral discs = separate vertebrae 90% water Dries as ages. Herniated discs results from drying and weakening of ligaments holding discs in place. Herniated disc animation http: //www. spine-health. com/video/lumbarherniated-disc-video

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Vertebral Column S-shaped structure Provides flexibility and prevents shock to the brain Primary curvatures formed at birth Thoracic and Sacral Secondary curvatures cervical – when baby begins raising head lumbar – when baby begin walking

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Vertebral Foramen Body Weight bearing Pedicle Superior Articular Process Transverse Process Vertebral Arch Thoracic Vertebra Lamina Spinous Process

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones 1 st Vertebra: Atlas Has no body Holds occipital condyles of skull Allows nodding = “yes” 2 nd Vertebra: Axis Acts as pivot for rotation of skull Allows side-to-side motion = “no” Dens: Pivot point Cervical Vertebra

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Thoracic Vertebra Supports ribs.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Lumbar Vertebra Block-like body. Most of stress on spine occurs in lumbar region.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Sacrum Formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae. Alae = articulates with hip bones. Coccyx Formed by fusion of 3 vertebrae. “Tailbone”

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Bony Thorax Ribs: True Ribs: 1 st 7 ribs Attach to sternum. False Ribs: Last 5 ribs Attach indirectly to sternum or not attached at all. Last 2 false ribs are “floating ribs” – unattached.

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones Bony Thorax Sternum: Manubrium Process Body Xiphoid process easily broken during CPR

CHAPTER 5 A The Skeletal System / Bones C E! ON M T TI ELET TES L SK A AXI H 5