Chapter 4 Section 3 The Pyramid Builders
Egyptian Kingdom Periods • Historians divide the history of ancient Egypt into the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. • The Old Kingdom period began in 2575 B. C.
Egyptian Dynasties Succession • The order in which members of a royal family inherit the throne or rule. • More than 30 dynasties ruled ancient Egypt.
Egyptian Burial • Early Egyptians buried their dead in the sand. • But this led to wild animals and storms disrupting the graves.
Egyptian Burial • For this reason Egyptian kings and nobles built long lasting burial chambers.
Pyramids • 2650 B. C. the first pyramid is built as a tomb for pharaoh Djoser (DZOH suhr)
The Great Pyramid • A pharaoh named Khufu (KOO-FOO) decided he wanted a greater monument than any other pharaoh. • He ordered the construction of the largest pyramid ever built. Classzone animation
The Great Pyramid • The pyramid was built from over 2. 3 million blocks of stone. • An estimated 20, 000 Egyptians worked on it.
Later Burial Practices • Pyramids became an easy target for thieves who stole the items left for the ka.
Later Burial Practices • To better hide their tombs, later pharaohs, during the New Kingdom, built their burial sights into cliffs in the “Valley of the Kings”
Later Burial Practices • Most tombs were still robbed. • The only tomb not to escape robbery was the tomb of Tutankhamen (King Tut), who’s tomb was discovered in 1922.
The Middle Kingdom • By 2160 B. C. the power of the pharaohs began to break down due to civil war and invasion. • The rise of pharaoh Mentuhotep II in 2055 B. C. marked the beginning of the Middle Kingdom.
Expansion • The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom used military strength to expand the empire south into Nubia. • The Egyptians wanted Nubian resources especially gold.
Expansion • The conquest of Nubia also increased Egyptian food production due to having more land to farm.
Decline of the Middle Kingdom • A group of people from present day Israel and Syria known as the Hyksos (HIHK-sohs) invaded Egypt. • By 1630 B. C. they had conquered Lower Egypt due to the use of better weapons and horse drawn chariots.
Decline of the Middle Kingdom • After about 100 years, the Egyptians drove out the Hyksos and began the New Kingdom.
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