CHAPTER 3 Social Dance and Jazz Chapter

CHAPTER 3 “Social Dance and Jazz”

Chapter 3 (outline) • • • Technology and the Music Business “Freak Dances” James Reese Europe and the Castles (Early) Jazz as Popular Music Dance Music in the Jazz Age Latin Dance Music

“Freak Dances” • Craze for Ragtime Dance Music (c. 1910) • Decline of formal balls w/ set programs • Rise of “Dance Halls” - Live house bands w/ solo singers - “stock” arrangements of popular hits • Play by request (respond to audience moods) • Threat to “morality” (overtly sexual) - use of “bumpers” (to keep dancers apart) - dances outlawed or banned in various locales

Dance Examples • The Waltz (19 th Century) 009 Late Nineteenth Century Waltz and Loomis' Glide Mazurka - You. Tube • Turkey Trot (1900 -1910) A short movie clip of the Turkey Trot. - You. Tube • Texas Tommy (S. F. 1910 -13) Texas Tommy Swing – You. Tube • Foxtrot (1914 -20 s) 1920's Fox Trot – You. Tube • Charleston (1920 s) 1920's The Charleston – You. Tube • Tango (in US, c. 1913) Valentino style Argentinian tango 1930's - Film 164 – You. Tube • The Tango Vs The Charleston - You. Tube

The Castles • Vernon (1887 -1918) & Irene (Foote) (1883 -1969) • Married 1911 • Featured Broadway dancers • Watch Your Step (1914) - introduces Fox Trot • “Castle House” (Dance School) • Modern Dancing (book) • Endorsed RCA Victor records - Castle House Orchestra (JRE) • Fashion trend-setters & crossmarketing • Exs. - The Castle Walk by Vernon and Irene Castle (1915) – You. Tube - A Tribute To Irene & Vernon Castle – You. Tube

James Reese Europe (1881 -1919) • • Classically trained “Clef Club Orchestra” (NYC) Society Orchestra (w/ Castles) WWI - 369 th Regiment Band “Harlem Hellfighters” • “Just before Jazz” style • Exs. - James Reese Europe the Hellfighters - You. Tube - How ya gonna keep em down on the Farm - Lt. - James Reese Europe - Castle House Rag – You. Tube [Textbook Example: p. 84] - Ampico Lexington 88 n - Monkey Doodle (James Reese Europe) - You. Tube

Jazz (“Jass”) • Af-Am influences on Dance Music (1890 s-1920 s) • New Orleans (Storyville) • Mixture of …. - Band Music - Funeral Processions - Mardi Gras celebrations - Ragtime (piano music) - Latin/Caribbean beat • Used for dances/parties • Small irregular groups (primarily winds & brass, bass & drums) Buddy Bolden Band (1905)

Original Dixieland Jazz Band • • • 1 st commercial “jass” band All white NOLA musicians Chicago (c. 1916 -17) NYC (early 1917) Recordings (March 1917) - Original Dixieland Jass Band plays "Livery Stable Blues" on Victor 18255 FIRST JAZZ RECORD • “Novelty” record (? ) • “Hot” style (syncopated) - cornet lead (Nick La. Rocca) - clarinet & trombone countermelodies - rhythm section (piano & drums = steady beat)

“Tiger Rag” • • • Rec. 17 Aug 1917 (low sales) Rec. 25 March 1918 (smash hit) Jazz “Standard” Based on NOLA tunes & ragtime Cornet lead Clarinet – high countermelody Trombone – “Tailgate” style Piano & drums (march-like) Group “improvisation” (somewhat) • Text book Ex. : p. 87: Original Dixieland Jazz Band - Tiger rag

King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band • Joe “King” Oliver (1885 -1938) - To Chicago (1919) - Creole Jazz Band (1922) - Recordings on Gennett (1923) • Louis Armstrong (2 nd cornet) • Poor businessman (Oliver) - CJB disbands in 1924 - out of music by 1931 • Textbook Ex. , p. 88: King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band: - "Dipper Mouth Blues" (1923) – You. Tube • 12 -bar Blues (3 4 mm phrases) • Form = Intro, A (2 x), B (2 x) [clarinet], A, C (3 x) [cornet wah-wah], A

Other “Hot” Bands • Mc. Kinney’s Cotton Pickers - Mc. Kinney's Cotton Pickers "BABY WON'T YOU PLEASE COME HOME" (1930) - You. Tube • Duke Ellington (“Jungle Music”) - Duke Ellington & his Cotton Club Band - Old Man Blues (1930) Check and Double Check • Jean Goldkette - My Pretty Girl - Jean Goldkette and His Orchestra – You. Tube • Casa Loma Orchestra - Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra

Noble Sissle (1899 -1975) & Eubie Blake (1887 -1983) • Both members of James Reese Europe’s bands • Songwriting team • Shuffle Along (1921 -22) - all black cast - integrated audience (!) • “I’m Just Wild About Harry” • Exs. - Vaughn De Leath sings "I'm Just Wild About Harry" on Gennett 4905, song by Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake - Eubie Blake and his "Shuffle Along" Orchestra - Bandana Days (1921) You. Tube

Paul Whiteman (1890 -1967) • • Classical training West Coast dance bands Navy – concert band “Symphonic Jazz” - syncopated dance music - strict arrangements • “King of Jazz” - self-described - strong marketing • “White” version of jazz history

Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra San Francisco (1918 -19) – syncopated dance orchestra • • • Ambassador Orchestra (Atlantic City, NJ) – 1920 s Top-Notch Arrangers: Ferde Grofé, Fletcher Henderson (!) White Jazz Musicians: Bix Beiderbecke, Dorsey Brothers 1 st Recordings – 1920 for Victor Talking Machine (RCA) “An Experiment in Modern Music” (1924) Rhapsody in Blue Leading Figure through mid-1930 s (movies, radio, etc. ) Over 600 recordings