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Chapter 3 Introduction to CAD Section 1 Introduction to Drafting Chapter 3 Introduction to CAD Section 1 Introduction to Drafting

Objectives • Explain computer-aided drafting and design. • Identify common applications for CAD in Objectives • Explain computer-aided drafting and design. • Identify common applications for CAD in different areas of drafting. • List the components of a typical CAD workstation. • Identify features of CAD software and how they should be evaluated when selecting a program. • Explain the advantages of specific CAD applications. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 3 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

What Is CAD? • Tool used to plan and design parts. • Automates symbol What Is CAD? • Tool used to plan and design parts. • Automates symbol creation and object duplication. • Incorporates hardware and software. • Requires knowledge of drafting principles and practices. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 4 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Why Use CAD? • • Productivity Flexibility Uniformity Ease of scaling (Edge. CAM/Pathtrace) © Why Use CAD? • • Productivity Flexibility Uniformity Ease of scaling (Edge. CAM/Pathtrace) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 5 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Productivity Benefits • Significant time and money savings over manual drafting. • Increased CAD Productivity Benefits • Significant time and money savings over manual drafting. • Increased drawing quality. • Reduced number of revisions. • Symbol library applications. • Schedule generation and analysis tools. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 6 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Symbol Library © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 7 Permission granted to reproduce for educational Symbol Library © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 7 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Flexibility Benefits • Plotting at a variety of scales. • Presentation and media CAD Flexibility Benefits • Plotting at a variety of scales. • Presentation and media options. • Data sharing. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 8 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Uniformity Benefits • Accurate adherence to standards. • Consistent symbol generation. • Ensured CAD Uniformity Benefits • Accurate adherence to standards. • Consistent symbol generation. • Ensured line quality. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 9 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Scaling Benefits • Objects typically drawn at full size. • Drawing plotted at CAD Scaling Benefits • Objects typically drawn at full size. • Drawing plotted at specified scale. • Drafting time and potential for errors minimized. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 10 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Mechanical CAD Applications • Automatic schedule generation. • Rendering capability. • Animation functions. © Mechanical CAD Applications • Automatic schedule generation. • Rendering capability. • Animation functions. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 11 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Part Schedule Production © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 12 Permission granted to reproduce for Part Schedule Production © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 12 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Workstation • Used together with CAD software. • Often connected to other devices CAD Workstation • Used together with CAD software. • Often connected to other devices in network. • May be connected to mainframe. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 13 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Workstation (Cont. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 14 Permission granted to reproduce CAD Workstation (Cont. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 14 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Computer Components • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Central processing unit (CPU) Output Computer Components • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Central processing unit (CPU) Output device Input device Storage devices 15 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Storage Devices • Used to save data for later use. • • © Goodheart-Willcox Storage Devices • Used to save data for later use. • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Computer hard drive CD-RW drive DVD drive 16 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Display Device • Typically a CRT or LCD monitor. • Size defines screen area. Display Device • Typically a CRT or LCD monitor. • Size defines screen area. • Video card should meet needs of application. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 17 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Input Devices • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Keyboard Mouse Trackball Digitizer Input Devices • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Keyboard Mouse Trackball Digitizer puck Light pens 18 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Output Devices • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Pen plotter Laser printer Inkjet Output Devices • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Pen plotter Laser printer Inkjet printers Inkjet plotters 19 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Pen Plotter • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Traditional device for CAD Pen Plotter • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Traditional device for CAD work. Generates vector drawings. Used for large-format output. Produces very accurate line quality. Disadvantage is slow operation. 20 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Inkjet Printers and Plotters • Generate raster drawings. • Used for high-quality color renderings. Inkjet Printers and Plotters • Generate raster drawings. • Used for high-quality color renderings. • Potential disadvantages are slow operation and cost. (Design. Jet Division, Hewlett-Packard) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 21 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Packages • Types and costs vary based on features provided. • Lower-end systems CAD Packages • Types and costs vary based on features provided. • Lower-end systems used for 2 D drawing. • More advanced software available for 3 D work. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 22 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Selecting a CAD Package • Consider product features and specific needs. • • • Selecting a CAD Package • Consider product features and specific needs. • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Ease of use Hardware requirements Product support Warranty coverage Specific tools in software Cost 23 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Types of CAD Packages • General purpose CAD packages • Advanced mechanical drafting and Types of CAD Packages • General purpose CAD packages • Advanced mechanical drafting and modeling CAD packages • AEC CAD packages © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 24 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

General Purpose CAD Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Functions for General Purpose CAD Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Functions for drawing objects Automated dimensioning Hatch pattern generation Text functions and font types Editing functions 25 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD Hatch Patterns © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 26 Permission granted to reproduce for CAD Hatch Patterns © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 26 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

General Purpose CAD Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Layers Object General Purpose CAD Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Layers Object display colors Linetype definitions Coordinate entry methods Methods for entering commands 27 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

General Purpose CAD Features (Cont. ) • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. General Purpose CAD Features (Cont. ) • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Drawing unit formats Display controls Drawing aids Printing or plotting functions Customization options Data exchange methods 28 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

3 D Drawing Features • Available in more advanced programs. • Shading and rendering 3 D Drawing Features • Available in more advanced programs. • Shading and rendering • Animation • Mass property analysis © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 29 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Types of 3 D Models • Surface model • Solid model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. Types of 3 D Models • Surface model • Solid model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 30 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Advanced Mechanical Drafting and Modeling CAD Packages • Designed for advanced engineering applications. • Advanced Mechanical Drafting and Modeling CAD Packages • Designed for advanced engineering applications. • Provide additional 3 D modeling features. • Commonly used in automated manufacturing. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 31 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Advanced Mechanical Drafting and Modeling Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Advanced Mechanical Drafting and Modeling Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Solid modeling tools Parametric modeling tools Automatic view generation Mechanical symbol libraries CAD/CAM functionality 32 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Solid Modeling • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Building from primitives. Revolving Solid Modeling • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Building from primitives. Revolving 2 D profiles. Extruding 2 D profiles. Removing material. Sweep operations. Loft operations. 33 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Extruded Solid Model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 34 Permission granted to reproduce for Extruded Solid Model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 34 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Revolved Solid Model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 35 Permission granted to reproduce for Revolved Solid Model © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 35 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Swept Solid Model (Anthony J. Panozzo) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 36 Permission granted Swept Solid Model (Anthony J. Panozzo) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 36 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Parametric Modeling • Model defined based on adjustable parameters. • Parts added must conform Parametric Modeling • Model defined based on adjustable parameters. • Parts added must conform to existing construction. • Model may include constraints. • Operation verified during process. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 37 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Parametric Modeling Program (Image Courtesy of Solid. Works Corporation) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Parametric Modeling Program (Image Courtesy of Solid. Works Corporation) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 38 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Automatic View Generation • Fills need to provide 2 D drawings to manufacturing personnel. Automatic View Generation • Fills need to provide 2 D drawings to manufacturing personnel. • Orthographic views most common. • Section, auxiliary, and pictorial views may also be generated. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 39 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Computer-Aided Manufacturing • Uses CAD data in computer numerical control (CNC) operations. • Typically Computer-Aided Manufacturing • Uses CAD data in computer numerical control (CNC) operations. • Typically used by machining centers. • Tooling movement and speed controlled automatically. • Design data verified before machining. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 40 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

CAD/CAM Software Program (Edge. CAM/Pathtrace) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 41 Permission granted to CAD/CAM Software Program (Edge. CAM/Pathtrace) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 41 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

AEC CAD Packages • Designed for specific AEC fields. • Special features added to AEC CAD Packages • Designed for specific AEC fields. • Special features added to general CAD tools. • Used in both 2 D and 3 D drawing. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 42 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

AEC CAD Package Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Automatic schedule AEC CAD Package Features • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Automatic schedule generation Space diagram creation Stair generation Hatch pattern generation Wall creation Symbol libraries 43 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Space Diagram Conversion © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 44 Permission granted to reproduce for Space Diagram Conversion © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 44 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Common AEC Symbol Libraries • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Doors and Common AEC Symbol Libraries • • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Doors and windows Structural members Plumbing fixtures and fittings Electrical fixtures HVAC components Landscaping features 45 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Common AEC Symbol Libraries (Cont. ) • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Furniture Common AEC Symbol Libraries (Cont. ) • • © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Furniture and appliances Title symbols Construction details Vehicles 46 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Door and Window Symbols © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 47 Permission granted to reproduce Door and Window Symbols © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 47 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) • Form of parametric modeling. • Used in more advanced Building Information Modeling (BIM) • Form of parametric modeling. • Used in more advanced AEC CAD programs. • Data stored for each construction system in structure. • Components added alter existing structure. • Result may be called virtual building. © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 48 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Building Information Modeling Features • Cost analysis tools • Automatic generation of plan drawings Building Information Modeling Features • Cost analysis tools • Automatic generation of plan drawings • Automatic schedule generation © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 49 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Building Information Modeling Program (Autodesk, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 50 Permission Building Information Modeling Program (Autodesk, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 50 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 1. A symbol _____ is a collection of standard shapes and symbols Review Questions 1. A symbol _____ is a collection of standard shapes and symbols used in a particular CAD application. library © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 51 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 2. A computer mouse is an example of a(n) _____ device. input Review Questions 2. A computer mouse is an example of a(n) _____ device. input © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 52 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 3. A(n) _____ prints object lines on drawings as vectors. A. laser Review Questions 3. A(n) _____ prints object lines on drawings as vectors. A. laser printer B. inkjet printer C. inkjet plotter D. pen plotter © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 53 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 4. Which of the following is not a typical feature found in Review Questions 4. Which of the following is not a typical feature found in a general purpose CAD package? A. Hatch pattern generation B. Automated dimensioning C. Editing functions D. Building information modeling (BIM) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 54 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 5. _____ are similar to transparent drawing sheets on which you can Review Questions 5. _____ are similar to transparent drawing sheets on which you can draw. A. Hatch patterns B. Layers C. Linetypes D. Drawing aids B. Layers © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 55 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 6. A _____ is a solid model created by extruding a profile Review Questions 6. A _____ is a solid model created by extruding a profile along a path. A. sweep B. primitive C. revolution D. union A. sweep © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 56 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 7. Special controls called _____ are used in parametric modeling to define Review Questions 7. Special controls called _____ are used in parametric modeling to define size and location dimensions to establish spatial relationships. constraints © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 57 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 8. A(n) _____ is created by extruding one or more profiles along Review Questions 8. A(n) _____ is created by extruding one or more profiles along a special type of path called a rail. loft © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 58 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Review Questions 9. Which type of CAD program is best suited for automated manufacturing? Review Questions 9. Which type of CAD program is best suited for automated manufacturing? A. Building information modeling (BIM) program B. General purpose CAD package C. CAD/CAM program D. AEC CAD package C. CAD/CAM program © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 59 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.