Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior Puzzles

Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

Puzzles

What common expressions are hidden in the following puzzles? NOON GOOD HE’S HIMSELF KNEE LIGHT ii ii oo WEAR LONG MAN MOON SLEEPING JOB 0 M. D. Ph. D. D. D. S KCART

Fill-in-the-Blanks 1. ST_T_ _ _ _B_RT_ 2. T_ _NS_ _ _T_T_ _N 3. S_ _ _R_AN 4. _O NO_ _N_ _R 5. F_ _T_ _LL F_ _L_ 6. _ _RS_ _LA_ _ _L 7. _ H_ _KS_IVI_ _ 8. _L_ _S_ D_ N_ _ _D T_ _ _N_ _ _LS!

Test for Dementia Below are four (4) questions and a bonus question. You have to answer them instantly. You can't take your time, answer all of them immediately. OK? Let's find out just how clever you really are. . First Question: You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in? Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you are absolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second! Try not to screw up next time. Now, answer the second question, but don't take as much time as you took for the first question, OK?

Second Question: If you overtake the last person, then you are. . . ? (scroll down) Answer: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again. How can you overtake the LAST person? You're not very good at this, are you?

Third Question: Very tricky arithmetic! Note: This must be done in your head only. Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator. Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000. Now add 30. Add another 1000. Now add 20! Now add another 1000 Now add 10. What is the total? Did you get 5000? The correct answer is actually 4100. If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator! Today is definitely not your day, is it? Maybe you'll get the last question right. . . . maybe.

Fourth Question: Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene, 3. Nini, 4. Nono. What is the name of the fifth daughter? Did you answer Nunu? NO! Of course it isn't. Her name is Mary. Read the question again!

Okay, now the bonus round: A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth, he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the purchase is done. Next, a blind man who wants to buy a pair of sunglasses comes into the shop; how does HE indicate what he wants? He just has to open his mouth and ask.

Why?

Chapter Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. How messages are transmitted by neurons and the functions of the peripheral nervous system Major structures of the brain and the functions of each structure How hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body Role of chromosomes and genes, and the study methods of heredity.

Brain Communication CNS and PNS (2) 1) Central Nervous System (CNS) – brain & spinal cord. 2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – nerves in the limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the brain. n Neuron n Dendrites and Axons n Synapse n Neurotransmitters n u u u Acetylcholine Dopamine Endorphins

Neurons - Building Blocks • Building blocks of the brain • 100 billion neurons • 30, 000 on a pinhead Neurons are the building blocks of your brain. They communicate with each other thousands of times each second.

Neuron Parts • Soma: body of Soma the cell • Dendrites: Dendrites receive messages • Axon: sends Axon messages

Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters are the messengers that travel between one brain cell and another. • They are chemical signals that neurons use to talk to each other, which is what makes your brain work. • They help determine how you feel, think and act.

CNS & PNS A. Central Nervous System B. Peripheral Nervous System B 1. Somatic Nervous System B 2. Autonomic Nervous System 1. Cerebrum 2. Brainstem 3. Cerebellum 4. Spinal cord

The Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System = Brain + Spinal Cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System = Nerves to rest of body • “Sensory” nerves carry messages from the body to the brain (sensation) • “Motor” nerves carry messages from the brain to the body (muscle movement) The Central Nervous System Spinal Cord

The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System vs. Autonomic Nervous System Effect of Chemical Weapons on CNS and PNS

Parts of the Brain 3 -2 (overview all below) n hindbrain medulla, pons, cerebellum n midbrain reticular activating system n forebrain (next slide)

Brainstem: The brainstem regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, blinking, digesting and more.

Hindbrain Medulla – involved Medulla in vital functions (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing) Pons – regulates body Pons movement, attention, sleep and alertness

Cerebellum Hindbrain Coordinates • most muscles • learned skills • movement and timing

Hindbrain Cerebellum: Switching Station: Your cerebellum is a busy switching station. It receives messages from most of the muscles in your body. It communicates with the other parts of the brain, and then sends messages about movement and balance back to your body.

Reticular Activating System Midbrain Regulates the activity level of the body (controls central nervous system activity, including attention, sleep and arousal)

Alcohol’s Effect on Brain Alcohol turns cells OFF: in RAS (become sleepy) n in speech area (slurring) n in cerebellum (motor control) n

Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

In the Mix: Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

Guest speaker Kathy Herring cell 242. 1503 n Kim Rainer cell 858. 1910 n

pp. 59 -61

p. 62

Forebrain Thalamus Relay station for sensory stimulation

Forebrain Hypothalamus Regulates basic needs (hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, caring for offspring and aggression) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality

sex sermon

Forebrain Limbic System Learning and memory, emotion, hunger, sex and aggression

Forebrain Cerebral Cortex Responsible for very highlevel thought

Corpus callosum Forebrain Nerve bundle that connects left and right hemispheres n Reason for and effect of surgically severing corpus callosum Pieces of Mind video: Split Brain (start at 1: 20) n

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex n frontal lobe u motor strip u frontal assoc. area n parietal lobe u sensory strip n occipital lobe (seeing “stars”) u vision n temporal lobe (national anthem) u hearing

Tasks of the Hemispheres n. Left hemisphere most language functions logic problem solving math computation n. Right Hemisphere imagination art feelings spatial relations

How Smart Is Your Right Foot? While sitting at your desk, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles with it. Now, while doing this, draw the number "6" in the air with your right hand. What happens?

Hemisphere Activity Demonstration & (Psych. Sim module #2)

Examining the Brain: Frontal Association Area (sense of envir. & personality) Motor Strip Dominance inventory n (demonstration of frontal association area at work) n Video module #2: Phineas Gage (11: 20) n

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

The Cerebral Cortex: These special scans use computerized x-rays and magnetic fields to show the parts of the brain. The scans give doctors and scientists a picture of how the brain is working.

Positron Emission Tomography PET is one of the newest, most advanced methods for studying organs in the body such as the brain. Like an X-ray, or MRI scan PET is painless and relatively noninvasive (i. e. , no surgery or opening of the body is required). Unlike X-rays and traditional MRI, PET does not produce a picture of the "structure" or anatomy of the brain, but rather it gives an image of brain "function" or physiology. In other words, it can be used to image what the brain is doing.

Brain Model Observation Form groups of 4. n Define terms on sheet. n In 4 minutes, groups examine model of brain to locate each item. n

Endocrine System 3 -3 The system containing all the glands and their chemical messages

Looking at the Endocrine System (aka, Glandular System) Hormones n Glands n Pituitary Gland n Thyroid Gland n Adrenal Glands n Gonads n The system containing all the glands and their chemical messages

Hormones n. Chemical regulators distributed in the bloodstream n. Match up with receptors that have the same molecular structure (target cell)

Glands Storage receptacles throughout the body that contain hormones

Effect of too much/little HGH? At just 1’ 11” tall, she is dwarfed by her neighbor's baby, but Jyoti Amge is 15 years old. The teenager, who is the world's smallest girl according to the Indian Book of Records, has a form of dwarfism called achondroplasia. Now fully grown, she weighs just 11 lbs.

Dictionary: gigantism (jī-găn'tĭz'əm) 1. The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size. 2. Excessive growth of the body or any of its parts, especially as a result of oversecretion of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Also called giantism.

Pituitary Gland 1) 2) Master gland that controls all other glands of the body Secretes the growth hormone

hyper-active vs. hypo-active Thyroid Gland Controls and regulates metabolism, the speed at which the body operates.

Hey!

Adrenal Glands (Sorry about that. ) Prepare body for emergency Physical effects 1. 2. 3. 4.

Gonads Reproductive organs Female sex hormone estrogen Male sex hormone testosterone

Heredity traits - mental and physical

Genes basic building blocks of heredity found in threadlike structures called chromosomes

Twins

Chromosomes 23 singles combine at conception into 23 pairs

Current “life” issues Abortion Euthanasia Cloning (next slide)

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CNN Segment 2 Video: Twin Studies Twins: monozygotic or dizygotic?

Video: Autism: Ed

Chapter 3 Conclusion Chapter 3 Review Pictionary (3 x 5 cards) Chapter 3 Test

Question Draw Team #1 A – Which system involves thinking, dreaming and feeling? neuron Team #2 A - Name four lobes of the brain. corpus callosum Team #1 B - Define nature vs. nurture. twins Team #2 B - What is another name for the “glandular system”? gonads