Chapter 3 4 5 Computer Software

Chapter 3, 4, & 5 Computer Software • System Software • Basic Application Software • Specialized Application Software Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

System Software Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction Computers and computer applications are ubiquitous in our lives so much so that we expect them to “be there when we need them”. We often give little thought to the processes and programs running behind the scenes to keep our computers functioning effectively. These kinds of programs and processes (i. e. operating systems, utility programs, device drivers, etc…) fall under the topic of system software and are covered in this chapter. 1 -3 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

System Software • Handles technical details • Works with end users, application software, and computer hardware • Four types of programs – Operating system – Utilities – Device drivers – Language translators 1 -4 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Operating Systems • Manage computer resources • Provide an interface between the users and computer • Runs applications • A collection of programs that handle technical tasks • Every computer has an operating system 1 -5 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functions of an Operating System • Performs three types of functions – Manages computer resources • Coordinate memory, processing storage, and printers • Monitor system performance • Provide security • Start-up the computer – Provides user interface • Character-based interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) – Runs applications • Multitasking • Foreground & background applications 1 -6 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Features of an Operating System • Booting • Features in common with application software – – – 1 -7 Icons Pointers Windows Menus Dialog boxes Help Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Categories of Operating Systems • Hundreds of operating systems • Three basic categories – Embedded operating systems – handheld – Network operating systems – linked computers – Stand-alone operating systems – desktop 1 -8 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

More on Operating Systems • OS often called software environment or platform • Operating systems commonly used by individuals – – 1 -9 Windows – most widely used Mac OS – powerful and easy to use UNIX – network; originally designed for Web LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Windows • The most popular microcomputer operating system – over 90 percent of the market • Comes in a variety of different versions • Windows 7 provides several improvements over Windows Vista 1 -10 Return Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mac OS • An operating system designed to run on Apple computers • Not used as widely as Windows • One of the most innovative operating systems • Mac OS X is one of the latest versions • Mac OS (Boot Camp) allows the running of both the Mac OS and Windows 1 -11 Return Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

UNIX and LINUX • UNIX operating system – Originally designed to run on minicomputers on a network – Used by powerful microcomputers • LINUX is a version of UNIX – Not proprietary – Open source 1 -12 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualization • Ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine • Virtualization software – Physical machine can be logically separated into separate and independent virtual computers called virtual machines – Host operating system – Guest operating system 1 -13 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Utilities • Specialized programs to make computing easier • Most essential utilities – – – 1 -14 Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs Antivirus programs Uninstall programs Backup programs File compression programs Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Windows Utilities • Backup and Restore • Disk Cleanup • Disk Defragmenter Accessing Windows Vista utilities: Click Start, Select All Programs, Select Accessories, Choose System Tools 1 -15 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Backup and Restore • Utility program included with many Windows versions • Makes a copy of all files or selected files that have been saved on a disk • Helps prevent against disk failure Return 1 -16 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disk Cleanup • Identifies and eliminates nonessential files • Frees up valuable space and improves system performance Return 1 -17 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disk Defragmenter • Identifies and eliminates unnecessary fragments • Rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations • Speeds up file access 1 -18 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Utility Suites • A group of several utility programs bundled for sale • Buying the package is economical • Popular suites – Norton System Works – Mc. Afee Office – V Communications System. Suite 1 -19 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Device Drivers • Specialized programs that allow communication between a device and the computer • Loaded into memory each time a computer is started • When a new device is added, new device drivers must be installed 1 -20 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virus Protection and Internet Security • Internet Security Suite – Runs a number of programs – Continually monitors your computer • Virus. Scan – Controls the frequency of searches for viruses – Quarantines or deletes infected files • Privacy. Service – Helps protect your privacy online – Block websites, cookies, and ads 1 -21 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Application Software Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction • Not long ago, trained specialists were required to perform many of the operations you can now do with a microcomputer. • A microcomputer can be an electric tool. • Competent end users need to understand the capabilities of basic application software including: – – 1 -23 Word processors Spreadsheets Database management systems Presentation programs Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application Software • Application software is end user software that is used to accomplish a variety of tasks • Two categories – Basic applications (focus of this chapter) – Specialized applications 1 -24 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Common Features • • • 1 -27 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Icons Windows Menus Toolbars Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Toolbars • Quick access to commonly used commands • Contain buttons that provide shortcuts • Examples – Standard Toolbar – Speech Recognition Standard 1 -28 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Office 2007 • Newest version of Microsoft Office • New Interface – Ribbons – Contextual Tabs – Galleries 1 -29 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Making IT Work for You Speech Recognition • Allows your voice to control application software • For best results, use your voice and mouse or keyboard – Train the software – Control a program – Dictate a document 1 -30 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Processors • Used to create text-based documents – Memos, letters, and faxes – Newsletters, manuals, and brochures • Word processing programs – Microsoft Word – Corel Word. Perfect – Apple Pages 1 -31 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Processor Features • Word Wrap • Editing – Thesaurus – Find and Replace – Spelling and grammar checkers • Formatting – Font and font sizing – Character effects – Bulleted and numbered lists 1 -32 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Processor Case • Creating a Flyer • Creating a Report 1 -33 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Flyer Return 1 -34 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Report 1 -35 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spreadsheets • Programs that manipulate numeric data • Spreadsheet programs – Microsoft Excel – Corel Quattro Pro – Apple i. Work's Numbers 1 -36 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spreadsheet Features • • • Workbook files Worksheet or spreadsheet or sheet Formulas Functions Analytical graphs or charts • What-if Analysis 1 -37 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spreadsheet Case • Creating a Sales Forecast • Creating a Chart • Analyzing Your Data 1 -38 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Sales Forecast Return 1 -39 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Chart Return 1 -40 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Analyzing Your Data 1 -41 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Database Management Systems (DBMS) • A collection of related data • Sets up a structure for data storage • Database programs – Microsoft Access – Corel Paradox – Lotus Approach 1 -42 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Database Features • Relational • Tables – Records – Fields • Record sorting • Queries • Forms • Reports 1 -43 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Database Case • Creating a Database • Creating a Query 1 -44 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Database Return 1 -45 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Query 1 -46 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Presentation Graphics • Programs that create visually interesting presentations • Presentation programs – Microsoft Power. Point – Corel Presentations – Lotus Freelance Graphics 1 -47 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Presentation Graphics Features • • 1 -48 Slides Auto. Content wizard Design templates Master slide Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Presentation Graphics Case • Creating a Presentation • Updating a Presentation 1 -49 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating a Presentation Return 1 -50 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Integrated Packages • A single program that provides the functionality of several widely used programs – Popular with many home users – Classified as personal or home software • Advantages are cost and simplicity • Disadvantages are limited functions • The most widely used package is Microsoft Works 1 -51 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Software Suites • Collection of separate application programs sold as a group • Four types of suites – – 1 -52 Productivity suite or Office Software Suite Alternative office suite Specialized suite Utility suite Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Specialized Application Software Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction • Specialized applications make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home. • Home users can create Webs sites, work with graphic images, and create music or art. • Robots now provide security and assistance in homes. • Competent end users need to be aware of specialized applications – Graphics programs – Audio and video editing software – Multimedia – Web authoring – Artificial intelligence 1 -54 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Specialized Applications • • Graphics Programs Audio and Video Software Multimedia Programs Web Authoring Programs • Artificial Intelligence – Virtual Reality – Knowledge-based Systems – Robotics 1 -55 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Graphics • Desktop publishing • Image editors • Illustration programs • Image galleries • Graphic suites 1 -56 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Audio and Video • Video editing software – Enhances digital video footage – Apple's i. Movie & Windows Movie Maker • Audio editing software – Creates and edits audio clips – Can create your own MP 3 s – Apple’s Garage Band Sony’s ACID 1 -62 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Digital Video Editing • Capture Video • Edit a Movie • Create a DVD 1 -63 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multimedia • The integration of a variety of media into one presentation – – – Video Music Voice Graphics Text • Include user interactivity 1 -64 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Links & Buttons Links can be to… – – Video Sound Graphics Text Files • Buttons are links and provide the ability to navigate through a presentation 1 -65 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Multimedia Authoring Programs • Special programs used to create multimedia presentations • Bring together all the video, audio, graphics, and text elements • Popular programs – Adobe Director – Toolbook 1 -66 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web Authoring • Corporations use the Web to reach new customers • Many individuals create their own personal sites, called Web logs or blogs, to keep in touch with friends and family • Web Site Design • Web Authoring Programs 1 -67 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web Site Design • Interactive multimedia form of communication – Create a graphical map of overall content – Add multimedia elements like animation • Macromedia's Flash Return 1 -68 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Web Authoring Programs • Known as Web page editors or HTML editors – Provide support for Web site design – Creates HTML coding • Popular programs – Adobe Dreamweaver – Net. Objects Fusion – Microsoft Expression 1 -69 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

WYSIWYG 1 -70 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Artificial Intelligence • Attempts to simulate human senses, thought processes, and actions • Designed to help people and organizations become more productive • Three areas of AI – Virtual reality – Knowledge-based (expert) systems – Robotics 1 -71 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtual Reality • Artificial or simulated reality – Generated in 3 -D by a computer – Commonly known as VR, artificial reality, or virtual environments Return 1 -72 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Knowledge-Based (Expert) Systems • Artificial intelligence that uses a database for assistance • Database is known as a knowledge base • Many use "fuzzy logic" Return 1 -73 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Robotics • The field of study concerned with using robots • Robots are computer-controlled machines – Mimic the motor activities of living things – Four types of robots • Perception system robots • Industrial robots • Mobile robots • Household robots 1 -74 Copyright © 2011 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.