Chapter 3 3 -0 Geography and History The

Chapter 3 3 -0 Geography and History The Foundation of Cultural Understanding Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999

Birth of a Nation Panama in 67 Hours 3 -1 THE STAGE IS SET June 1902 U. S. offers to buy Panama Canal Zone from Colombia for $10 million. August 1903 The Colombian Senate refuses the offer. Theodore Roosevelt, angry on hearing of the refusal, is alleged to have referred to the Colombian Senate as "those contemptible little creatures in Bogota. " Roosevelt agrees a plot, led by Dr. Manuel Amador, a secessionist, to assist a group to secede from Colombia. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill SOURCE: Bernard A. Weisberger, "Panama: Made in U. S. A. , " American©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999 Heritage, November 1989, pp. 24 -25.

Birth of a Nation Panama in 67 Hours 3 -2 October 17 Panamanian dissidents travel to Washington and agree to stage a U. S. -backed revolution. Date of revolution set for 6 pm November 3. October 18 Flag, constitution, and declaration of independence created over the weekend. Panama's first flag was designed and sewn by hand in Highland Falls, New York, using fabric bought at Macy's. Bunau-Varilla, a French engineer associated with the bankrupt French-Panama canal construction company and who had to permanent residence in Panama, was named Panama's ambassador to the United States. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill SOURCE: Bernard A. Weisberger, "Panama: Made in U. S. A. , " American©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999 Heritage, November 1989, pp. 24 -25.

Birth of a Nation Panama in 67 Hours A COUNTRY IS BORN 3 -3 Tuesday, November 3 Precisely at 6. 00 pm bribes are paid to the Colombian garrison to lay down their arms. The revolution begins, the U. S. S. Nashville steams into Colon harbor, and the junta proclaims Panama's independence. Friday, November 6 By 1: 00 pm the United States recognizes the sovereign state of Panama. Saturday, November 7 The new government sends an official delegation from Panama to the United States, to instruct the Panamanian ambassador on provisions of the Panama Canal Treaty. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill SOURCE: Bernard A. Weisberger, "Panama: Made in U. S. A. , " American©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999 Heritage, November 1989, pp. 24 -25.

Birth of a Nation Panama in 67 Hours 3 -4 Wednesday, November 18 6: 40 pm the Panamanian ambassador signs the Panama Canal Treaty. Wednesday, November 18 At 11: 30 pm. , official Panamanian delegation arrives at Washington, D. C. , railroad station and is met by their ambassador who informs them that the treaty was signed just hours earlier. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill SOURCE: Bernard A. Weisberger, "Panama: Made in U. S. A. , " American©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999 Heritage, November 1989, pp. 24 -25.

Birth of a Nation Panama in 67 Hours 3 -5 The Present 1977 United States agrees to relinquish control of Panama Canal Zone in 2000 Panama Canal Zone reverts to Panama? ? Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill SOURCE: Bernard A. Weisberger, "Panama: Made in U. S. A. , " American©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999 Heritage, November 1989, pp. 24 -25.

The World’s Mineral Reserves: Years to Depletion at 1985 Consumption Rates 3 -6 2380 2280 2180 Iron Ore Chromium Bauxite Manganese Platinum Cobalt Molybdenum Nickel Antimony Copper Lead Zinc Tin Gold Silver Diamonds 2080 1980 SOURCE: US Bureau of Mines, Mineral Facts and Problems, 1990 (Washington, D. C. U. S. Government Printing Office, 1990) Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999

World Population by Major Areas and Life Expectancy 3 -7 1950 (millions) 1985 1992 2010 Life (millions) Expectancy 1985 (years) World 2, 516. 0 4, 855 5, 479 7, 204. 0 63. 9 Africa 222. 0 554 682 1, 148. 0 52. 0 1, 378. 0 2, 842 3, 233 4, 240. 0 62. 7 North America 166. 0 264 283 311. 0 75. 6 Latin America 166. 0 400 458 629. 0 66. 7 Europe (including USSR*) 573. 0 770 797 843. 0 72. 2 25 27 34. 0 71. 3 Asia Oceania 13. 0 *Estimate includes all republics of former USSR. SOURCE: World Population Prospects (New York: United Nations, 1990), pp. 22 -28 and 1992; Demographic Yearbook (New York: United Nations, 1994), p. 103. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999

The Triad: Trade Between the United States and Canada, the European Community, and Japan, 1995 ($ billions) 3 -8 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 48. 9 136. 9 139. 3 70. 8 JAPAN UNITED STATES & CANADA 75. 9 127. 2 For additional figures see: “Indicators of Market Size for 115 Countries I” Crossborder Monitor, August, 1997, pp. 4 -8 Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999

Leading World Trading Countries, 1995 ($ millions) 3 -9 Country* U. S. A. Germany Japan United Kingdom Italy Netherlands Canada Belgium/Luxembourg Hong Kong China Spain South Korea Taiwan Switzerland Singapore Exports Imports Total $582. 5 509. 3 443. 0 239. 4 231. 7 58. 6 190. 2 128. 3 173. 5 148. 8 91. 6 125. 4 111. 8 81. 4 118. 2 $770. 9 443. 8 335. 9 262. 5 204. 3 138. 5 167. 4 166. 3 192. 8 132. 0 114. 8 135. 2 103. 7 80. 1 124. 4 $1, 353. 4 953. 1 778. 9 501. 9 436. 0 197. 1 357. 6 294. 6 366. 3 280. 8 206. 4 260. 6 215. 5 161. 5 242. 6 * Order determined by total dollar value of exports and imports. For additional trade data see: "Indicators of Market Size for 115 Countries, Part I, " Crossborder Monitor, August 27, 1997, pp. 4 -8. Irwin/Mc. Graw-Hill ©The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 1999