Chapter 2 The Planting of English America 1500

Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, 1500– 1733

I. England’s Imperial Stirrings • 1500 s Feeble English colonial efforts • 1558 Elizabeth I, established Protestantism • Catholic Ireland sought Catholic Spain to eliminate English (Protestant) rule • Spain and England develop a rivalry

Table 2 -1 p 26

King Henry VIII

Queen ‘Bloody’ Mary I

Queen Elizabeth I p 25

II. Elizabeth Energizes England • 1570 s Francis Drake “sea dogs”. • English colonization – Newfoundland – Roanoke Island (NC) (1585) (‘The lost colony’) – Virginia • Most were ‘failures’ (non-profitable) • 1588 England defeats “Invincible Armada” – End of the Spanish imperial dreams – England to becoming masters of the oceans

Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island Tobacco p 26

III. England on the Eve of Empire • Social and economic changes – “surplus population” – Enclosure movement – Geographic mobility – Primogeniture – Joint-stock company (1600 s)

OPEN FIELD SYSTEM

ENCLOSED FIELD SYSTEM

England’s ‘surplus population’

IV. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling • 1603 James I became king of England • The Virginia Company colonial charter • Charter gave settlers the rights of Englishmen • May, 1607 Jamestown, Va. was founded

Map 2 -1 p 27

V. Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) War ends, Pocahontas/John Rolfe married Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644) Indians try to dislodge the Virginians • Powhatan’s Confederacy defeated by… – Disease – Disorganization – Disposability • “The three Ds”

1646 Treaty Red Line, Colonial land Yellow Area, Native Land

Powhatan

Pocahontas (ca. 1595– 1617) p 28

John Rolfe (according to a Disney movi

VI. The Indians’ New World • Europeans disrupted Native American life – Horses – Diseases – Trade and Property issues – Religious and political challenges • Conflict and cooperation

Carolina Indian Woman And Child p 29

Carolina Indians (1730 s) p 30

VII. Virginia: Child of Tobacco • Virginia develops a prosperous tobacco culture – “bewitching weed” and “King Nicotine” • North American slavery starts (1619) • Self-government is born in Virginia (1619) – The House of Burgesses • James I revokes charter – Virginia became a royal colony. (1624)

p 31

FIRST VA. HOUSE OF BURGESSES

VIII. Maryland: Catholic Haven • 1634 Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore. • It was partly created as a refuge for Catholics. • Act of Toleration (1649) – Toleration to all Christians – Death to Jews and atheists • Those who denied the divinity of Jesus.

LORD BALTIMORE

Act of Toleration (1649)

IX. The West Indies 1655 England secures many West Indian islands • Sugar based economy • Enslaved Africans work plantations • Barbados slave code (1661) – Defined the slaves’ legal status • “chattel” (property) – Introduced to Carolina later

Sugar Plantation & Slaves

Slaves and Sugar Processing p 33

X. Colonizing the Carolinas • 1640 -60 s English Civil War • 1670 Carolina created – Rice based export colony – Slaves imported to grow rice (African crop) • Charles Town busiest seaport in the South

Table 2 -2 p 34

XI. The Emergence of North Carolina • “Squatters” arrive • Separated from South Carolina (1712) • North Carolina like Rhode Island – More democratic – More independent-minded – Less aristocratic • Elimination of Coastal Indian nations – 1711 -1713 Tuscarora War (NC) – 1715 -1716 Yamasee War (SC)

p 36

p 37

XII. Georgia: The Buffer Colony • 1733 Georgia colony founded as a buffer • From Spanish (FL) French (LA) • Settled by philanthropists (James Oglethorpe) • Settled by those imprisoned for debt. • Supported by British subsidies – Nicknamed "the Charity Colony” • Savannah was a melting-pot community – For all Christian religions

XIII. The Plantation Colonies • • Maryland Virginia N & S Carolina Georgia England’s southern mainland colonies shared • Devotion to agricultural products • Slavery • Growth of coastal export cities • Religious (Christian) toleration

Map 2 -2 p 35

p 39