Chapter 19 The Cold War Section 1

Chapter 19 The Cold War

Section 1 - Origins of War Yalta Conference- 1945 n Future of Germany and Poland n What was the United Nations? Pg. 637 n

April 12, 1945 n Harry Truman n Potsdam Conference Pg. 638 n

Conflicting Postwar Goals Americans wanted to bring democracy and economic prosperity n Russians wanted to protect own interests, spread communism n Satellite Nations Pg. 638 -639 n

The Iron Curtain Division between Western Powers and area controlled by the Soviet Union n What was the Cold War? Pg. 640 n

The Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 n Give Turkey and Greece economic aid (Policy of Containment) Pg. 642 n

Section 2 - The Cold War Heats Up Marshall Plan- 1947, plan by George Marshall (Secretary of State) n Berlin Airlift n NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Pg. 645 -647 n

Communist Advances Soviet atomic threat n Hydrogen Bomb 1950 n China falls to Communists n Mao Zedong n Americans viewed loss of China Truman’s fault Pg. 648 n

Cold War at Home HUAC- House Un-American Activities Committee n “Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? ” Pg. 650 n

Hollywood Ten n 6 months to a yr in jail n Blacklists n Only made films that concentrated on pure entertainment Pg. 650 n

Mc. Carran-Walter Act n “one of the most un-American acts I have ever witnessed in my public career” H. T. n Spies n Alger Hiss n Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Pg. 651 n

Section 3 - The Korean War 38 th Parallel n 1950 n US believed Soviets were behind action Pg. 653 -654 n

UN troops join, Douglas Mac. Arthur leads them n “Home by Christmas” n 2 yrs of fighting n US signed peace treaty with Japan who could help maintain balance of power in the Pacific Pg. 655 -656 n

Section 4 - The Continuing Cold War Joseph Mc. Carthy n Mc. Carthyism n Senate condemned him for reckless actions Pg. 658 n

The Cold War in the 1950’s Southeast Asia- US provided aid to South Vietnam n The Middle East n Latin America Pg. 659 -660 n

The Arms Race Gaining weapons superiority n 1954 -1958 US conducted 19 Hydrogen bomb tests n one was 750 times more powerful than the atomic bomb Pg. 660 n

ICBM’s n 1957, Sputnik n U-2 spy planes n U-2 incident, 1960 Pg. 661 n

The Post War Years at Home

Section 1 - TV Shows of the 1950’s n n n I Love Lucy Leave it to Beaver Father Knows Best American Bandstand Howdy Doody Mickey Mouse Club

Technology Transforms Life Grace Hopper- software to run computers and debugging n Bell Telephone Labs- transistor n Nuclear Power n Advances in Medicine- Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis, Polio vaccine Pg. 670 -671 n

The Postwar Economy Ray Kroc- Mc. Donald’s 1954 n Other fast food chains n General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, General Electric, Westinghouse Pg. 669 -670 n

Suburbs and Highways GI Bill of Rights- low interest mortgages for housing, provided education, and fueled postwar economic boom n Neighborhoods n New cars and designs Pg. 672 n

Section 2 - Mood of the 1950’s “Silent Generation” n Babysitters n Magazines- Seventeen, Cool, Teen n Religion- 1954, “Under God” added and 1955 “In God We Trust” added to coins n “the family that prays together stays together”, slogan (advertising) Pg. 676 n

Men and Women Men go to school and support wife and kids n Women kept house, cooked, raised kids n More women in the workplace than before n Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique Pg. 676 n

Changes to Conformity n n n Youth rebellions Rebel Without a Cause- James Dean Catcher in the Rye- J. D. Salinger Rock-and-Roll- Alan Freed “Moondog Rock ‘n’ Roll Party” Pg. 678 n

Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly n Elvis Presley n Spread to Europe- The Beatles n Adults disliked this music- immoral/race n Beatniks- Jack Kerouac Pg. 678 -679 n

Section 3 - Domestic Politics and Policy Truman’s Fair Deal n Gov needs to play active role in securing economic justice for all American citizens n 21 pt program n Employment Act of 1946 - Economic advisors to advise the President n Opposition rejected many policies Pg. 681 n

“I am not asking for social equality, because no such things exist, but I am asking for equality of opportunity for all human beings…” n Congress took no action n Truman banned discrimination in hiring of federal employees as well as armed forces n Change was slow Pg. 682 n

Election of 1948 - Truman defeats Thomas Dewey n 22 nd Amendment- President can only hold two terms n Always debated Pg. 683 n

Eisenhower and the Republican Approach Eisenhower new President- 1952 n “I Like Ike” n Richard Nixon was his VP n Checkers Speech- Sept 1952, Ike not President yet n “It was a little cocker Spaniel dog…Black and white spotted. And our little girl…named it Checkers” Pg. 684 n

K 1 C 2 formula- Korea, communism, corruption n Won re-election in 1956 n “I am no politician as you well know” n NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1958 n National Defense Education Act- improve science and math instruction to keep up with the Soviet Union Pg. 686 n