Chapter 10 Inca rcer ation Clear Cole

Chapter 10 Inca rcer ation Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Prison Operati ons: budget & Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“classification” definition u process by which prisoner is categorized regarding security & treatment needs & is assigned to custody level (ie, prison), supervision level (within prison), & treatment programs u Ideally, based on psychology, education, vocational, health, other needs u classification determines: u prison site u housing assignment u work assignment u availability of treatment programs u good time available (eg, Colorado) u today: classification = f (RISK)! Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

3 models of incarceration u custodial n n emphasizes security, discipline, order dominates maximum security prisons u rehabilitation emphasizes provision of treatment programs designed to reform the offender n developed in 1950 s; out of favor today n u reintegration emphasizes maintenance of the offender’s ties to family & community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to community n linked to community corrections n Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

main designs of US prisons radial courtyard telephone pole campus Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Prison security levels: a caveat u there are no national design or classification “standards” regarding different levels of security. a “maximum” security prison in one state may appear much like a “medium” security prison in another. n prison crowding has further blurred the distinction between maximum & medium security prisons, even within a state. n Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“maximum security” definition u prison designed, organized, & operated to minimize the possibility of escapes & violence; imposes strict limitations on the movement & freedom of inmates & visitors Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“maximum security” prison Cal. State Prison, Sacramento--“new Folsom” Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“medium security” definition u prison designed, organized, & operated to prevent escapes & violence, but in which restrictions on inmates & visitors are less rigid than in maximum security facilities Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“medium security” prison California State Prison, Solano Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“minimum security” definition u prison designed, organized, & operated to permit inmates & visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“minimum security” prison California Institution for Men, Chino Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

the “super-max” u created to house the “worst of the worst”--incorrigible, violent, assaultive, disruptive inmates, & prison gang members-- who require close & constant supervision house 100, 000 men (8 -10% of total in custody) n created by federal government; 38 states F Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) Florence, Colorado F Pelican Bay State Prison (SHU) F Northern Correctional Institute -Connecticut n Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Pelican Bay State Prison Crescent City, Ca (“super-max”) Security Housing Unit level IV prison Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Priso n Profil Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

types of American prisons, by state v. federal jurisdiction Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

where inmates are housed, percent of all U. S. inmates by security level Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

where inmates are housed, percent of all U. S. inmates by security level in state & federal prisons Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

types of American prisons, by gender of inmate population Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Prison er Profile Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prisoner profile % of adult inmates in state prisons inmate gender Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prisoner profile % of adult inmates in state prisons age Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prisoner profile % of adult inmates in state prisons education Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prisoner profile % of adult inmates in state prisons offense Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prisoner profile % of adult inmates in state prisons criminal record # times previously incarcerated or on probation Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“race” definition u traditionally, a biological concept used to distinguish humankind into categories related to skin color & other physical features Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“ethnicity” definition u concept used to distinguish people according to their cultural characteristics-language, religion, & group traditions uethnicity can be used to further distinguish not only among white individuals, but among African Americans, as well. uit can also be used to even Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Race/Ethnicity of US inmates Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

incarceration rates for males number of men incarcerated per 100, 000 of each group racial/ethnic groups Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

% of black men in prison vs. % in U. S. population Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Drug sentences: The New Demon Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state & federal populations, by drug offense or not state prisons federal prisons Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

federal prison populations, by type of offense, over time (1985 -’ 97) 1985 pop. = 31, 000 1997 pop. = 150, 000 Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

state prison populations, by type of offense, over time (1985 -’ 97) pop. = 450, 000 1985 pop. = 1, 600, 000 1997 Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

new prison populations with special problems or needs “new” populations prisoners with HIV/AIDS mentally ill prisoners elderly prisoners with long terms Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

Evolution of Private prisons: “own a piece of the rock-pile” Marion Adjustment Center 1 st privately owned & operated facility for adult felons, 1986 • Kentucky • US Corrections Corp. Intensive Treatment Unit Weaversville, Pennsylvania --1 st privately operated secure correctional facility, 1975 • 20 -bed, high security • dormitory-style • training school • juvenile delinquents • RCA Corporation today: $1 billion annual operation! non-profit organizations 1960 s • halfway houses • group homes • juvenile care • work release Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

private prisons the key players Corrections Corporation of America 3/4 of the market Wackenhut Corrections Corporation the business of private prisons: $ launched in 1980 s, spurred by massive state prison boom $ $1 billion yearly operation in U. S. $ 158 private prisons in U. S. $ 119, 813 adults incarcerated in private prisons in U. S. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

models for public/private control of corrections ownership operating authority Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

issues for private corrections costs & profitability issues liability & accountability ethics & politics level of services offender types employment, training, & salaries compliance with state law Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

End of Show Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“radial design” Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“telephone pole design” Correctional Training Facility, Soledad, Ca. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“courtyard design” (modified) California Men’s Colony, San Luis Obispo Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th

“campus design” California Institutiona for Women, Frontera Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th