Chapter 10 -18 Religious Purposes Effects and Results

Chapter 10 -18 Religious Purposes, Effects, and Results By Corey Morrow, Pd 6 2010 -11

Articles of Confederation and Religion Article 3 (Art. Of Confed. ): The states will defend each other from any outside threat caused by religious disputes. The ratio of Anglicans almost doubled between the writers of the Articles and the Constitution, which is the more conservative side of Christianity, and the Calvinist and Protestant (usually more radical) greatly decreased, which changed the writing of the Constitution The number of people almost quadrupled, so the majority would have more power, and would therefore have more influence and power in the Articles of Confederation

The Constitution and Slave Revolts Gabriel Prosser: a literate African-American blacksmith who got 1000 slaves ready to invade Richmond, but failed and was hung; scared whites because of large slave revolts though; Denmarck Vesey, an educated free black preacher/ carpenter, and Gullah Jack led a revolt in which 80 slaves tried to raid the Charleston armory and overthrow their masters, which failed when 2 house slaves leaked the info; scared whites because the trusted servants turned on them. Nat Turner, a preacher who led a slave uprising using 6 slaves to kill 55 white masters and free the slaves; almost worked, but they were chased down and killed; scared whites because it was totally random and unexpected

Articles of Confederation and Religion a) Transcendentalism: individualistic- Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson: The best place to seek God was in natural life, not urban, church or city life; emphasis on being yourself and Self-reliance; Thoreau: simple life of subsistence left time for spiritual thought and that mass society was making a generation of quietly desperate men b) Sentimentalism: view of urban life as evil and deceptive, and that people needed to be prepared for unforeseen events, that people need morals; became more like a code of etiquette and ethics

Black Advocates The AME- The African Methodist Episcopal churches for blacks • Reverend Richard Allen and Rev. Absalom Jones Founded the first Free African American Baptist and Methodist Churches in America in 1794 in Philadelphia; Large contributors to the AME Christianity preached deliverance and freedom of spirit, gave hope to black and could make them more freewilled Abolitionists a) b) Most social reform towards freeing slaves and giving them rights was done by religious leaders because of the compassion taught in the Bible Religious reformers Beriah Green (1795 -1874), a theologian and abolitionist educator who transformed Oneida Institute into a school for both whites and blacks, as spearheading the “comeouter” movement (Christian abolitionists who separated from the established churches and formed abolitionist-only congregations) Northerners appealed to the spirit of the Bible (liberalism) in opposing slavery

Black Persecutors I) Southerners appealed to the letter of the Bible (literalism) in defending slavery II) Many believed that slaves were not human, and so they did not try to get them saved or religiously educated III) The Presbyterians and Methodists split from the Southern Baptists who were pro-slavery IV) Religion was not a factor to cause the people to kill one another- both were largely Protestant, and had no differences, other than that they were both being hypocritical and going against God’s will in the do not murder, do not steal, do not covet, and do not commit adultery categories. V) Irish Catholics, despite their poverty and persecution, would attack and harass the free black

New Sects The Burned-Over District and Religious Sects (or sex for the Oneidas) Area of upstate New York near the Eerie Canal where many new socialist and religious zeal groups were formed Economic conditions were a large factor due to frequent depressions and caused events like the 1837 Panic 7 th-day Adventists believe that they know the day of rapture Shakers shake when they are touched by God, and were formed by Mother Ann Lee as a celibate group that adopted orphans and believed in equality Oneidas, founded by John Noyes, had free sex in a “complex marriage system” for religious unity, but with controlled childbirth Mormons- Joseph Smith created a group based on his visions that he wrote down in the Book of Mormon, and were highly persecuted and moved from New York to Ohio, to Illinois, where Joseph was killed while trying to introduce polygamy, and Brigham Young moved the remainder to Utah

Religious/ Social Reform – – – Most social reform was due to the spiritual nature of the Second Great Awakening that encouraged people to help and minister to the needs of others Charles Finney wanted to make the whole world “as perfect as God” by a series of moral reforms that changed poor houses, made large scale correctional institutes rather than prisons, but many were to hypocritical, forceful, and critical to be effective Lyman and Catharine Beecher reformed educations for Christian young single women were teachers that naturally were nurturing and moral, as well as reforming the Sabbath so that 6 day workers could no longer drink on Sundays, which largely failed Temperance- the prevention of the excessive consumption of alcohol due to the large number of drunks that ruined the economy and safety of others Anti-prostitution societies that didn’t have much effect due to the poor working conditions and pay since prostitution gave more money and freedom

The Irish • Irish Potato Famine made many Catholic Irish move to Protestant America, where they were heavily persecuted, but they also fought back • • • Irish were treated as slaves and were paid little because they were Catholic and extremely poor; they were considered the bottom of the social class and had to work and live in horrible conditions Many riots and murders plagued the city, and ethnic neighborhoods for the Irish and German immigrants formed to protect themselves Irish Catholics, despite their poverty and persecution, would attack and harass the free black population

Key Terms The Burned-Over District- The area in upstate New York along the Eerie Canal that experienced many reformer movements and was the site of new Utopian Societies. Temperance- anti-alcoholism as an impure and evil act. Oneida Community- A group of people that freely had sexual relations in groups with “complex marriages” and a controlled birth, as well as a strict entrance route and number of converts. Mormons- A religious denomination of Christianity led by Joseph Smith until he tried to impose polygamy, then by Brigham Young; eventually settled in Utah. Shakers- A branch of the Quakers that believed in celibacy and were founded by Mother Ann Lee in 1774 Abolitionists: Radical antislavery protesters that were often religious figures and leaders Literal Biblical reading: reading the Bible as word for word and interpreting it directly The “comeouter” movement- Christian abolitionists that formed antislavery churches and didn’t allow anyone in who owned slaves. Liberty Party- a party of Christian abolitionists formed by Beriah Green. Liberal Biblical reading: reading the Bible as it applies to the spiritual and emotion aspects of life

Quizzical Questions • 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Religion MC Questions for Chapter 10 -18: What was the main religion of the writers of the Constitution? A) Catholic B) Calvinist/ Puritan C) Methodist/ Baptist D) Episcopalian/ Anglican Who led the slave revolt attack on Charleston? A) Vesey/ Gullah Jack B) Nat Turner C) Tyrone Jones D) Gabriel Prosser Which famous slave killed his master and began a revolt that partially worked, even though his master was kind? A) Tyrone Jones B) Nat Turner C) Denmarck Vesey D) Gabriel Prosser What does AME Stand for? A) African Movement of Equality B) African Methodist Episcopal C) American Movement of Equality D) American Methodist Evangelism Transcendentalism was built upon by A) Thoreau and Emerson B) Luudvig Von Liktenburg and Thomas Jefferson C) John Winthrop and Michael Brinsley D) John Werrington and George Cras Sentimentalism rejected A) Nature B) Inequality C) Urban life D) Fear of the Unknown

Quizzical Questions Pt. 2 1) Transcendentalism believed that A) Man can do anything B) The spirit is more important than the body and will go to a natural place no matter where the body is physically C) Individualism and nature are the best way to be with God D) The health of your teeth transcends every other need Pt. 1 Answer Key: 2) Christianity made slaves 1) D A) More peaceful and obedient 2) A B) Rebellious against the unfair treatment 3) B C) Crazy and uncontrolled 4) B D) Sit around and think all day long and not work very hard 5) A 3) Most slave owners were 6) C A) Catholic B) Calvinist/ Puritan C) Methodist/ Baptist D) Episcopalian/ Anglican 4) Ralph Waldo Emerson A) Created Transcendentalism B) Wrote “The Story of a Poor Black Christian Slave” C) Founded Sentimentalism D) Funded several slave revolts

Quizzical Questions Pt. 3 1) Who founded the Mormons? A) B) C) D) John Winthrop Adam Smith John Wesley Joseph Smith 2) Choose the correct migration pattern of the Mormons A) B) C) D) New York Ohio Illinois Utah New York Ohio Utah New York Pennsylvania Ohio Utah Pennsylvania Ohio New York Illinois Pt. 2 Answer Key: 1) 2) 3) 4) C B D A 3) Which strange religious denomination believed in celibacy and had physical seizures when praying? A) B) C) D) Quakers Shakers Bakers Oneidas 4) Which religious community had group sexual relations and complex marriages? A) B) C) D) Mormons Oneidas Quakers Homosexuals 5) The Burned-Over District is located near A) B) C) D) New York Illinois Utah Virginia

1) Quizzical Questions Pt. 4 The two most persecuted and poor groups in America besides women were the A) B) C) D) 2) Temperance refers to A) B) C) D) 3) More peaceful and obedient Rebellious against the unfair treatment Crazy and uncontrolled Sit around and think all day long and not work very hard Most slave owners were A) B) C) D) 5) The abrasive and temperamental way that politicians treated each other The ways that Blacks were hardened (tempered) into submission for slavery The disruptive and drunk nature of American men and the reform movement against it The temporary nature of Mormon communities Christianity made slaves A) B) C) D) 4) Blacks and the Irish Catholics Blacks and Mormons Oneidas and the Blacks Quakers and the Irish Catholics Catholic Calvinist/ Puritan Methodist/ Baptist Episcopalian/ Anglican Ralph Waldo Emerson A) B) C) D) Created Transcendentalism Wrote “The Story of a Poor Black Christian Slave” Founded Sentimentalism Funded several slave revolts Pt. 3 Answer Key: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) D A B B A

1) Quizzical Questions Pt. 5 Who founded the “comeouter” movement? A) B) C) D) 2) Christian abolitionists were mostly in the A) B) C) D) 3) Indirect physical translation; Methodists and Presbyterians Direct emotional and spiritual based translation; Baptists Direct physical translation; Baptists Indirect emotional and spiritual based translation; Methodists and Presbyterians Abolitionists were usually A) B) C) D) 6) Indirect physical translation; Methodists and Presbyterians Direct emotional and spiritual based translation; Baptists Direct physical translation; Baptists Indirect emotional and spiritual based translation; Methodists and Presbyterians Liberal biblical translation is what; and used mainly by whom? A) B) C) D) 5) Liberty Party Whig Party Libertarian Party Free Party Literal biblical translation is what; and used mainly by whom? A) B) C) D) 4) John Winthrop Jebediah Ruckinson Beriah Green Charles Finney Protestant Catholic Atheist Jewish Which denominations split over the slavery issue? A) B) C) D) Catholics and Protestants Quakers and Shakers Methodists, Presbyterians and S Baptists Mormons, S Baptists, and Quakers Pt. 4 Answer Key: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) C C B D A

Bibliography • Faragher, J. M, Buhle, M. J. , Czitrom, D. s, & Armitage, S. H. (2002). Out of Many: A History of the American People (revised third edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. • http: //www. brucegourley. com/civilwar/gourleyhistor 3. ht m 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) C A C D A C