Challenges for the DL and the Standards to

Challenges for the DL and the Standards to solve them Alan Hopkinson Technical Manager (Library Systems) Learning Resources Middlesex University

Digital Libraries and the Internet • Digital libraries in the context of this paper means any collection of digitised material. • Many of these are available commercially under license or as pay as you view for those potential users for whom no licence has been purchased. • Others are completely free

Publishing tradition —Printed journals – articles were found through Word of Mouth until Abstracting and Indexing Services developed —Replaced by e-journals which are more accessible • In UK digital > print : : 25% > 75%; • 45% of HE library budget goes on journals —How has shift to digital been achieved? —Internet protocols and PDF

Standards that enable the DL Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules ISO 2709: record structure for MARC, UNISIST Reference Manual, CCF

Successful standards • PDF 1. 7: Portable Document Format, part 1 (ISO 32000 -1) • COUNTER • Common Command Language for Online Interactive Information Retrieval ANSI/NISO Z 39. 58 • Commands for Interactive Text Searching (ISO equivalent) — Boolean and or not and codes for data (ti for title)

Key standards System Data Sharing MARC (identifies fields and ISO 2709 is the record structure) Cross System Searching Z 39. 50 – Information retrieval (identifies indexes)

Standards makers ISO NISO BSI BIS React to professional bodies

NISO most active library technical services; the acquisition and management of e-resources; library systems implementation including ILS, ERMS, link resolvers, and web interfaces; cooperative electronic arrangements with other libraries, consortia, or content providers; or long-term preservation activities.

Usage • COUNTER – Counting Online Usage of Ne. Tworked Electronic Resources • Codes of practice for Journals/Databases and Books and Reference Works • COUNTER-compliant reports are formatted exactly as defined in the COUNTER code of practice

SUSHI • The Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) Protocol – Z 39. 93 -2007 – an automated request and response model for the harvesting of electronic resources —Delivers reports formatted in XML

Identification • ISO/DIS 26324, Digital Object Identifier (DOI) • ANSI/NISO Z 39. 71 Holdings Statements for Bibliographic Items • ISO 10324: 1997 Information and documentation -- Holdings statements -Summary level • Implementation of holdings in XML: ISO 20775: 2009 and documentation -- Schema for holdings information

Reporting holdings • Data may be dispersed in several locations such as a union catalogue, local catalogue and a policy directory or repository. • Standards for this purpose include: —NCIP for local holdings —XACML and LDAP for policy, authentication and authorisation information and —SRU and Z 39. 50 for all types of searching and retrieval.

Open URL • Open. URL enables the transfer of metadata about an item (a journal article or book, for example) from a resource, where a citation is discovered to a link resolver. • Link resolvers direct users at particular institutions or organisations to appropriate, subscribed resources for the content, be they in electronic or print form.

• This solves a critical problem for librarians • Direct URL linking from one publisher’s content to another’s, including Cross. Ref DOI-based links, has the potential to lead users to resources that are inappropriate for them, i. e. to instances of content to which their institution does not subscribe. • Open. URL overcomes this

Reporting holdings • NISO developed SERU: A Shared Electronic Resource Understanding. The SERU Recommended Practice document (NISO-RP-7 -2008). • SERU offers publishers and librarians the opportunity to save both the time and the costs associated with a negotiated and signed license agreement by agreeing to operate within a framework of shared understanding and good faith. Among the issues covered in the SERU best-practice document are perpetual access, target 6 groups of readers, archiving, and interlibrary loan.

Thank you